In-Vitro Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Phenol-Rich Extract from the Marine Red Algae Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva

Abstract

Obesity and diabetes are major metabolic disorders which are prevalent worldwide. Algae has played an important role in managing these disorders. In this study, Gracilaria edulis, a marine red algae, was investigated for antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential using in vitro models. De-polysaccharide methanol extract of G. edulis was sequentially partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and antioxidants, and hypoglycemic potentials were evaluated using multiple methods. High antioxidant potential was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power, iron chelating, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, while the crude methanol extract exhibited potent oxygen radical-absorbance capacity. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction, while the ethyl acetate fraction was effective against α-glucosidase inhibition. Glucose diffusion was inhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction at 180 min, and the highest antiglycation activity was observed in both chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of several potent anti-diabetic compounds. In conclusion, G. edulis exhibited promising antidiabetic potential via multiple mechanisms. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic and antiglycation potential among the four fractions, and hence the isolation of active compounds is required to develop leads for new drugs to treat diabetes.

Study on extraction methods of polysaccharides from a processed product of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.

“…DPPH and ABTS radicals were widely used to evaluate the antioxidant ability of polysaccharides. 22,28,29 As shown in Fig. 4A, the scavenging activity of crude polysaccharides DAE-PTXP, As shown in Fig.…”

Characterization of anAgarophyton chilenseoleoresin containing PPARγ natural ligands with insulin-sensitizing effects in a C57BL/6J mouse model of diet-induced obesity and antioxidant activityin Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The nutritional value of red macroalgae is also due to the diverse content of pigments and antioxidants (14,82,85). Consequently, we determined the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using a CUPRAC assay (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) that is compatible with lipophilic antioxidants (such as tocopherols) (62) in the oleoresin of A. chilense and in two different botanical lipid extracts, spirulin and maqui, produced with dicloromethane extraction as Gracilex® .…”

“…Various methods of extraction are used to obtain enriched fractions derived from seaweeds containing antioxidant and pigment molecules (14, 15), proteins (16), polysaccharides (17) and lipids (18, 19). Particularly in the Gracilaria genus, lipid extractions obtained by classical chloroform:methanol mixtures have revealed a complex lipid composition of glycerolipids and omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their oxidized derivatives, known as oxylipins (18–21).…”

Therapeutic Efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flowers to Inhibit Proliferation of Acute and Chronic Primary Human Leukemia Cells, with Adipocyte Differentiation and in Silico Analysis of Interactions between Survivin Protein and Selected Secondary Metabolites

“…Previously we reported that the aqueous extract of N. abor-tristis flowers has the ability to reduce the triglyceride levels in mice blood [21]. The increased uptake of glucose observed with the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions could also lead to a decrease in the differentiation of adipocyte cells [64].…”