In Vitro Antiplasmodial, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Activities of Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae): A Cameroonian Plant Commonly Used to Treat Malaria

Abstract

Background. Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in African countries. We aimed this study at evaluating the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activity of Lophira lanceolata extracts. Method. The aqueous and ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration. It tested in vitro the extracts against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and multiresistance Dd2. Macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7 cells) and red blood cells were used for cytotoxicity tests. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) reduction, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) scavenging. Results. The in vitro antiplasmodial results showed that the ethanol extract was the most active, with IC50 of 24.51 ± 4.77 µg/mL and 31.86 ± 3.10 µg/mL, respectively, on the resistant Dd2 and sensitive 3D7 strains unlike the aqueous which indicated moderate activity with an IC50 of 51.36 ± 4.86 μg/mL and 56.36 ± 4.27 μg/mL, respectively, on the resistant Dd2 and sensitive (3D7) strains. However, the ethanol extract had the highest activity, with an IC50 of 8.153 g/mL, 1915 g/mL, 30.81 g/mL, and 54.66 g/mL, respectively, for DPPH, H2O2, NO, and FRAP, while the aqueous extract had an IC50 of 6.724, 2387681, 185.7, and 152.0 g/mL, respectively, for DPPH, H2O2, NO, and FRAP. The cytotoxicity test reveals that both extracts do not promote red blood cell haemolysis. They presented weak activity against RAW 264.7 cells and red blood cells. Conclusion. According to these findings, the aqueous and ethanol extracts have antiplasmodial and antioxidant activity but with no cytotoxic effects on red blood cells or RAW cells. However, it will be important to investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial and antioxidant activity of these extracts.

Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola Stem Bark

“…These results show that the ethanol extract was active while the aqueous extract had moderate activity both for 3D7 sensitive and Dd2 resistant to strain. Similar results were observed by Abdel Azizi et al [ 11 ] when evaluating the In Vitro Antiplasmodial Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities of Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae): A Cameroonian Plant Commonly Used to Treat Malaria. This could be explained by the nature of the solvent used for the extraction.…”

“…Our results corroborate those obtained by Kodjio et al [ 12 ] where the ferric reducing power of the ethanol extract was greater than the aqueous extract on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the stem bark of K. grandifoliola . This high antioxidant power could be due to the strong presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds [ 11 , 12 , 38 ].…”

“…According to Nadia et al [ 10 ] and Abdel Azizi et al [ 11 ] when a human host is infected with the Plasmodium parasite, these parasites stimulate an overproduction of free radicals to fight against infection. These free radicals are not only toxic to the parasite but equally toxic to the host.…”

Antimalarial Efficacy and Antioxidant Activity of Lophira lanceolata Stem Bark Ethanol Extract Using Plasmodium berghei Induced-Malaria in Swiss Albino’s Mice

“…In Cameroon, this disease is the main cause of consultation and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality [ 3 ]. Previous in vitro research work conducted by Abdel Azizi et al [ 4 ] and Guy-Armand et al [ 5 ] demonstrated that there is a close relationship between malaria and oxidative stress. According to these authors, during malaria infection, there is an overproduction of free radicals, which are toxic to the host organism.…”

“…Fermented palm wine (ethanol) or infusion is used by traditional practitioners for the preparation of medicinal remedies in Cameroon. Abdel Azizi et al [ 4 ] reported the in vitro antiplasmodial, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activities of L. lanceolata. The study of Abdel Azizi et al [ 4 ] reported a moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the aqueous extract according to the classification of Kumari et al [ 9 ] with IC 50 = 56.365 and 51.36 μ g/ml for sensitive and resistant strain, respectively, and resistance index of 0.09 (IR = 0.09).…”