In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Potential Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses

Alagarasu, Kalichamy; Patil, Poonam; Kaushik, Meenakshi; Chowdhury, Dr Sukanta; Joshi, Rajesh K.; Hegde, Harsha V.; Kakade, Mahadeo; Hoti, S.L.; Cherian, Sarah; Parashar, Deepti

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.866452

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The concentration at which the drugs showed ≥90% cell viability was used for evaluating the anti-CHIKV activity. The antiviral activity was assessed under different treatment settings (pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment) ( Alagarasu et al., 2022 ). Briefly, for pre-treatment, the cells were incubated with various concentrations of drugs for 24 h and the drugs were removed by washing and the cells were infected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug repurposing approach against chikungunya virus: an in vitro and in silico study

Kasabe

Ahire

Patil

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. There are no licenced antivirals or vaccines for treatment or prevention. Drug repurposing approach has emerged as a novel concept to find alternative uses of therapeutics to battle pathogens. In the present study, anti CHIKV activity of fourteen FDA-approved drugs was investigated by in vitro and in silico approaches. Focus-forming unit assay, immunofluorescence test, and quantitative RT-PCR assay were used to assess the in vitro inhibitory effect of these drugs against CHIKV in Vero CCL-81 cells. The findings showed that nine compounds, viz., temsirolimus, 2-fluoroadenine, doxorubicin, felbinac, emetine, lomibuvir, enalaprilat, metyrapone and resveratrol exhibit anti chikungunya activity. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies performed by targeting CHIKV structural and non-structural proteins revealed that these drugs can bind to structural protein targets such as envelope protein, and capsid, and non-structural proteins NSP2, NSP3 and NSP4 (RdRp). Findings from in vitro and in silico studies reveal that these drugs can suppress the infection and replication of CHIKV and further in vivo studies followed by clinical trials are warranted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug repurposing approach against chikungunya virus: an in vitro and in silico study

Kasabe

Ahire

Patil

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In vitro studies using Chang liver cells and HepG2 cells exhibited safety of anacardic acid with IC 50 values 70.0 ± 3.0 µM, and 49.0 ± 8.0 µM respectively, which was much higher than the EC 50 value on E. protoscoleces (1.9 ± 2 µM), thus indicating the high safety margin of this compound [34]. We have recently reported excellent anti-dengue activity of Ananrcardic acid [35]. Studies with A. occidentale hexane leaf extract showed that the toxic effects occurred at higher doses compared to Cameroon folk medicine 12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Inhibitory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Anancardium occidentale L. leaves against Brugia malayi hexokinase, a target for anti-filarial drug development

Kaushik¹,

Hoti²,

Saxena

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: Globally, 859 million people in 50 countries are threatened by lymphatic filariasis. Due to its severity, the available drugs are mainly used for microfilaricidal and do not kill efficiently the adult parasites, which continue to produce microfilariae. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a plant-based macrofilaricidal drug. Methods: The inhibitory activity of the various solvent extracts of the leaves of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) was tested against the recombinant hexokinase of B. malayi (BmHk). BmHK, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that plays a vital role in the replication/survival of filarial parasites, was chosen as a target. A preliminary phytochemical test and GC-FID analysis of the extract were carried out. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of A. occidentale showed the highest inhibition (65.80±1.60%) of activity of BmHk, compared to other extracts, which showed less than 50% inhibition. Conclusion: The present study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of A. occidentale has inhibitory activity against BmHk and can be explored further for developing the herbal-based anti-filarial drug.

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“…The cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to determine the effect of LFOB on Vero CCL-81 cells [ 42 ]. Briefly, a series of Vero cell monolayers were incubated with different concentrations of the LFOB (0 to 200 g/mL) for five days at 37 °C, followed by 3 h of incubation with MTT (5.0 mg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Dengue Activity of Lipophilic Fraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Stem

Joshi¹,

Agrawal²,

Patil

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Ocimum basilicum L. is used to cure many types of fever in traditional medicine. This study aims to explore the antiviral activity of the lipophilic fraction of the stem of O. basilicum (LFOB) against dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The LFOB was analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. The antiviral activity of LFOB was studied using the Vero CCL-81 cell line. The cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). In vitro antiviral activity and FFU assay were used to determine and confirm antiviral activity against DENV and CHIKV. Twenty-six compounds were identified in LFOB using GC/MS. The most abundant compounds were β-sitosterol (22.9%), stigmasterol (18.7%), and campesterol (12.9%). Significant reduction in DENV titre was observed under pre- and post-infection treatment conditions at a concentration of 3.125 µg/mL, but no anti-CHIKV activity was observed. Our earlier and the present AutoDock-Vina-based in silico docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could form strong interactions with the DENV E glycoprotein and DENV RdRp domain, respectively. Our findings suggest that LFOB can inhibit DENV infection and might act as a potent prophylactic/therapeutic agent against DENV-2. In silico results suggested that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol may block the viral entry by inhibiting the fusion process and viral replication respectively.

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In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Potential Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Drug repurposing approach against chikungunya virus: an in vitro and in silico study

Drug repurposing approach against chikungunya virus: an in vitro and in silico study

Inhibitory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Anancardium occidentale L. leaves against Brugia malayi hexokinase, a target for anti-filarial drug development

Anti-Dengue Activity of Lipophilic Fraction of Ocimum basilicum L. Stem

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