The
acidic soil where tea grows makes the accumulation of copper
ions (Cu2+) easy. Long-term drinking of tea infusions and
tea beverages will cause abnormal accumulation of copper in the human
body and endanger human health. Herein, we designed a visual portable
smartphone platform based on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for
the rapid, real-time, and sensitive detection of Cu2+ in
tea and tea beverages. We synthesized the ratiometric fluorescent
nanoprobe formed by blue carbon dots (BCDs), which are used as internal
standards, and a sensing reagent (diethyl-[5-(2-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododec-1-yl-acetylamino)-benzo[α]phenoxazin-9-ylidene]-ammonium
(cyclen-NB)) for Cu2+. With an excitation wavelength of
330 nm, the emission wavelengths of cyclen-NB and BCDs are 674 and
451 nm, respectively. Cyclen-NB effectively captures Cu2+ to form a metal complex via a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT),
resulting in obvious color changes from red to blue-violet. The designed
ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe has high sensitivity, good selectivity,
and strong anti-interference ability, and the detection limit can
be as low as 1.37 nM. Furthermore, a visual portable sensing platform
was constructed based on the ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe in
combination with smartphones. The color recognition software of the
smartphone can convert the color information of the photos taken by
the mobile phone into digital data for analysis; and the detection
limit is as low as 4.83 nM, and the yield rate is 86.79–111.20%
(RSD ≤ 4.95). Therefore, the method reported in this manuscript
can provide a convenient method for rapid on-site and visual inspection
of tea and tea beverages for food safety.