In Vitro Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity Screening of Different Probiotic Microorganisms

Abstract

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in probiotic strains is usually correlated with the ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. The objective of this study was the evaluation of BSH in five probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and a probiotic yeast. The activity was assessed using a qualitative direct plate test and a quantitative high-performance thin- layer chromatography assay. The six strains differed in their BSH substrate preference and activity. Lactobacillus plantarum DGIA1, a potentially probiotic strain isolated from a double cream cheese from Chiapas, Mexico, showed excellent deconjugation activities in the four tested bile acids (69, 100, 81, and 92% for sodium glycocholate, glycodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and taurodeoxycholate, respectively). In the case of the commercial probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, the deconjugation activities were good against sodium glycodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and taurodeoxycholate (100, 57, and 63%, respectively). These last two results are part of the novelty of the work. A weak deconjugative activity (5%) was observed in the case of sodium glycocholate. This is the first time that the BSH activity has been detected in this yeast.

Stability of Encapsulated Lactobacillus reuteri during Harsh Conditions, Storage Period, and Simulated In Vitro Conditions

“…Similar results were reported by Lee and Heo [29] and Krasaekoopt et al [21]. Hernández-Gómez et al [30] and Chen et al [31] indicated that encapsulation can prevent the probiotic count reduction in the GI in the presence of bile salt. Some researchers that investigated the survival of lactic acid bacteria in the presence of bile salt emphasized that the bile-tolerant strains of probiotics that are planned to be used in the foods should be identified [32,33].…”

Unraveling the probiotic efficiency of bacterium Pediococcus pentosaceus OBK05 isolated from buttermilk: An in vitro study for cholesterol assimilation potential and antibiotic resistance status

“…The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzyme secreted by gut microbiota catalyzes the degradation of tauro-conjugated and glycol-conjugated bile acids through breakdown of amide bond and liberates free bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) and amino acids (taurine and glycine). Moreover, the BSH activity of gut microbiota is also involved in the metabolic reactions of mammals, including the control of cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, energy homeostasis and dietary lipid metabolism [17][18][19]. Unconjugated and conjugated bile salts are up taken in the gut by passive diffusion and absorbed by active transport in the ileum.…”

Bile acids, bile pigments and colorectal cancer risk

“…Different yeasts used as commercial probiotic and isolates from food demonstrated bile acid deconjugation activity in vitro, which was dependent on the genus and strain of the respective yeast [32]. For example, BSH activity was detected in the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii and in the genera Pichia, Hanseniaspora, Candida and Cryptococcus [32,33], suggesting that BSH function is widespread in yeast. However, it needs to be further investigated to which extent yeast or bacteriophage-mediated bile acid deconjugation contributes to intestinal bile acid metabolism and if this represents a biologically relevant factor under healthy or disease-associated conditions.…”