In Vitro Bioactivity Assessment of Metallic Magnesium

López, Haydée Y.; Cortés-Hernández, Dora A.; Escobedo, S.

doi:10.4028/0-87849-992-x.453

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…To date, the majority of in vitro degradation studies of Mg have been performed using a simulated body fluid (SBF) as the electrolyte,6, 25, 27‐35 most commonly Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (Hanks solution) 34, 36–38. The composition of an SBF is based on a mixture of inorganic ionic salts that are in similar proportions to those found in human blood plasma (Table II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In part, it is not surprising that attempts to predict in vivo degradation behavior by testing Mg in inorganic‐based SBF at ambient temperatures and without pH control have failed to find a correlation between the in vivo and in vitro degradation rates 29. The pH of the SBF has not been measured in some studies,35, 45 whereas others have only controlled pH at the outset of the testing 6, 29, 37. However, the pH of human serum is kept constant by the complex biochemistry of the physiological system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hiromoto et al47 stressed the importance of pH control when attempting to accurately predict the corrosion rate of Mg and its alloys in vitro. Thus, corrosion rates measured in vitro are of little relevance to the physiological condition if in vivo pH levels are not maintained 6, 37…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In‐vitro dissolution of magnesium–calcium binary alloys: Clarifying the unique role of calcium additions in bioresorbable magnesium implant alloys

et al. 2010

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A systematic investigation of a series of magnesium-calcium binary alloys is presented to reveal the influence of increasing calcium (Ca) additions on the in vitro degradation of magnesium (Mg). Because of its prevalence in structural tissues, Ca is among the most biologically viable additions to orthopedic-intended Mg-based biomaterials. Hence, a fundamental electrochemical study of Ca additions to Mg biomaterials is essential to its continued role as an alloying addition. In this work, in vitro degradation conditions closer to the physiological environment were implemented through the addition of proteins to simulated body fluid and maintenance of a constant pH, with tests conducted using Hanks solution, minimum essential medium (MEM), and MEM containing fetal bovine serum. Alloying with Ca leads to the formation of Mg2Ca intermetallic particles that result in systematically enhanced dissolution kinetics. This observation is rationalized via microelectrochemical tests upon the Mg2Ca intermetallic in isolation, which reveals rapid anodic kinetics. Hence, the extent of Mg-Ca alloy dissolution can be modified depending on the amount of Mg2Ca present, suggesting that Ca can be deployed as a functional addition capable of not only enhancing biodissolution of the alloy, but being able to do this in a systematic, controllable manner depending on its volume fraction. In addition, up to a 3-fold reduction in the corrosion rate is observed with corrosion testing in an albumin-containing medium when compared to Hanks solution, the results highlighting that the use of a physiologically "correct" medium is essential for the in vitro screening of Mg-based alloys suitable for orthopaedic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In‐vitro dissolution of magnesium–calcium binary alloys: Clarifying the unique role of calcium additions in bioresorbable magnesium implant alloys

et al. 2010

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“…13 In spite of the above mentioned advantages, Mg based alloys present some significant challenges in their usage as bio-implants, for example, (1) many Mg containing implants corrode quickly at the physiological pH range of 7.4-7.6, 1,14 and (2) they release hydrogen (H 2 ) gas around the implant area leading to loss of mechanical integrity even before the tissue is healed and the new bone is mineralized. 15,16 The performance of Mg based alloys is also affected because of the instability of the protective hydroxide film on their surface that dissolves in aqueous environments. 17 These defects of Mg based alloys can be significantly reduced by using appropriate combinations of alloying elements with the base alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration

Mushahary

Sravanthi²,

Li³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Development of new biodegradable implants and devices is necessary to meet the increasing needs of regenerative orthopedic procedures. An important consideration while formulating new implant materials is that they should physicochemically and biologically mimic bone-like properties. In earlier studies, we have developed and characterized magnesium based biodegradable alloys, in particular magnesium-zirconium (Mg-Zr) alloys. Here we have reported the biological properties of four Mg-Zr alloys containing different quantities of strontium or calcium. The alloys were implanted in small cavities made in femur bones of New Zealand White rabbits, and the quantitative and qualitative assessments of newly induced bone tissue were carried out. A total of 30 experimental animals, three for each implant type, were studied, and bone induction was assessed by histological, immunohistochemical and radiological methods; cavities in the femurs with no implants and observed for the same period of time were kept as controls. Our results showed that Mg-Zr alloys containing appropriate quantities of strontium were more efficient in inducing good quality mineralized bone than other alloys. Our results have been discussed in the context of physicochemical and biological properties of the alloys, and they could be very useful in determining the nature of future generations of biodegradable orthopedic implants.

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“…The 3CaP SBF solution was prepared based on the procedures described by Qu et al 22 and Kokubo et al 23 The ion concentrations of human blood plasma, 1xSBF, and 3CaP SBF are listed in Table II. The Ca 21 and HPO 4 22 ion concentrations of 3CaP SBF were adjusted to three times as high as those of the 1xSBF, respectively. Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane ((HOCH 2 ) 3 CNH 2 ) was used as a buffer in the 1xSBF system, whereas 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was used in the 3CaP SBF.…”

Section: Biomimetic Apatite Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the biodegradation rate of magnesium using biomimetic apatite coating

Zhang

Wei

2008

J Biomed Mater Res

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Magnesium is light, biocompatible and has similar mechanical properties to natural bone, so it has the potential to be used as a biodegradable material for orthopedic applications. However, pure magnesium severely corrodes in a physiological environment, which may result in fracture prior to substantial tissue healing. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main composition of natural bone. It has excellent bioactivity and osteoconductivity. In this study, HA coating with two different thicknesses was applied onto the surface of pure magnesium substrates using a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rate of the surface-treated substrates was tested. It was found that both types of coatings substantially slowed down the corrosion of the substrate, and the dual coating was more effective than the single coating in hindering the degradation of the substrate. Thus, the corrosion rate of magnesium implants can be closely tailored by adjusting apatite coating thickness and thereby monitoring the release of magnesium ions into the body.

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In Vitro Bioactivity Assessment of Metallic Magnesium

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

In‐vitro dissolution of magnesium–calcium binary alloys: Clarifying the unique role of calcium additions in bioresorbable magnesium implant alloys

In‐vitro dissolution of magnesium–calcium binary alloys: Clarifying the unique role of calcium additions in bioresorbable magnesium implant alloys

Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration

Controlling the biodegradation rate of magnesium using biomimetic apatite coating

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