In vitro biochemical assessment of mixture effects of two endocrine disruptors on INS-1 cells

Abstract

Abstract4-tert-Octylphenol (4-tOP) is a component of non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol polyethoxylates while triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial present in personal care products. Both compounds can co-exist in environmental matrices such as soil and water. The mixture effects of these micropollutants in vitro remains unknown. INS-1 cells were exposed to 20 µM or 30 µM 4-tOP and 8 µM or 12.5 µM TCS as well as equimolar mixture of the chemicals (Mix) in total concentration of 12.5 µM or 25 µM for 48 h. Mitochondrial related parameters were investigated using high content analytical techniques. The cytotoxicity of the chemicals (IC50) varied according to TCS > Mix > 4-tOP. Increased glucose uptake and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were recorded in TCS and Mix treated cells. Fold values of glucose-galactose assay varied according to dinitrophenol > TCS > 4-tOP > Mix in decreasing order of mitochondrial toxicity. The loss of the intracellular Ca2+ influx by all the test substances and Mix was not substantial whereas glibenclamide and diazoxide increased the intracellular Ca2+ influx when compared with the Blank. The recorded increase in Ca2+ influx by diazoxide which contrasted with its primary role of inhibiting insulin secretion need be re-investigated. It is concluded that the toxic effects of TCS and Mix but not 4-tOP on INS-1 cells was mitochondria-mediated.

Effects of mixed extract from two tropical plants on gut microbiome and metabolome in piglets

“…This meant that in glutamate metabolism that was affected by ME, the synthesised L ‐glutamic acid may be more inclined to participate in the formation of glutathione (GSH) along with L ‐cysteine. It has been reported that GSH is an important endogenous antioxidant substance which is involved in catalytic cycles of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) (Olaniyan & Okoh, 2022). Interestingly, this speculation is further supported by our previously published results in piglets where ME treatment significantly improved the enzyme activity of GSH‐Px compared to its control (Liu et al, 2022).…”