In vitro biodegradation of cyanotoxins in the rumen fluid of cattle

Abstract

BackgroundIn countries around the Baltic Sea grazing ruminants have access to and drink, surface water from lakes, rivers and in several coastal regions. The water quality of these naturally occurring reservoirs affects performance and health of livestock. In the Baltic Sea both microcystin (MC) and nodularin (NOD) occurs as cyclic peptides and have hepatotoxic effects. Although cattle obviously have died after consuming contaminated water very little information is available as to how susceptible ruminants are to the toxins produced by cyanobacteria. The critical question as to whether the rumen microflora might constitute a protective shield is unresolved. For this reason our aim is to investigate a possible degradation rate of these toxins in rumen.ResultsThe ability of rumen microorganisms to degrade certain important cyanotoxins (MC-LR, YR, RR and NOD) was studied in vitro by incubating with rumen fluid at three different concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/mL) for 3 h. The degradation efficiencies were determined by LC-MS (ESI) positive mode. Degradation was observed in the following order MC-RR 36%, NOD 35%, MC-RR 25% and MC-LR 8.9% at lower concentrations within 3 h. However, average degradation was observed at concentration of 0.5 μg/mL. No degradation was observed in higher concentrations for entire 3 h. The present results reveal that the degradation was both dose and time dependent.ConclusionsIn conclusion the present results suggest that the rumen microbial flora may protect ruminants from being intoxicated by Cyanotoxins.

Bioaccessibility and decomposition of cylindrospermopsin in vegetables matrices after the application of an in vitro digestion model

“…This remarkable action produced by LAB in CYN reduction in vegetables is in agreement with that previously reported in cooked fish, and even non detected values were shown in the boiled fish (Maisanaba et al, 2017). Manubolu et al (2014) also described the potential of rumen microorganisms to reduce microscystins and nodularin, suggesting that the microbial flora may preserve or protect against cyanotoxin intoxication.…”

β-Sitosterol Attenuates High Grain Diet-Induced Inflammatory Stress and Modifies Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota in Sheep

“…Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria may pose a threat to animals due to their widespread occurrence in both fresh and sea waters [32]. In spite of a recent study indicate that rumen microorganisms may degrade several cyanotoxins [33], the threat from cyanotoxins cannot be ignored. Our results revealed that BSS might inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria, since its antibacterial activity has been documented [34,35].…”

Optimization of extraction methods for quantification of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in fish, vegetable, and soil matrices using UPLC–MS/MS

“…This increase is problematic because excessive cyanobacteria can both directly and indirectly degrade ecosystem services vital to humans (Saqrane and Oudra, 2009). One prominent negative feature of cyanobacteria blooms is the production of toxins that can reduce the availability of clean, safe water for recreation (e.g., swimming), human and livestock consumption, and crop irrigation (Brooks et al, 2016;Manubolu et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2017b;Saqrane and Oudra, 2009). Among the many types of cyanotoxins that have been documented, microcystin (MC), a liver toxin, is the most frequently occurring in freshwater environment, and hence, has been widely investigated (An and Carmichael, 1994).…”