In Vitro Biomarker Responses of Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Exposed to Herbicide Sekator and Phosphate Fertilizer

Mekahlia, Mohamed Nacer; Tine, Samir; Menasria, Taha; Amieur, Hinda; Salhi, Hafsia

doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2712-z

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Various classes of enzymes are used as biomarkers due to their crucial role in the neurocholinergic transmission and in cell homeostasis preventing toxic action of chemicals [24] [25] [26]. Dimethoate, an organophosphate pesticide, has been reported to exert toxic effects on the profiles of protein and the cellular enzyme system as well as the testicular histomorphology of Eisenia kinneari [27] [28] [29].…”

Section: Enzymes As Biomarkers In Earthwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil

Tiwari¹,

Singh²,

Pandey³

et al. 2016

AER

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The importance of the earthworms in the agricultural practices is well known. The increasing applications of pesticides and chemicals in the agricultural farms have adversely influenced the flora and fauna of the soil. Earthworms which immensely contribute in increasing the quality and fertility of agricultural soil are reported be worst hit organisms under such conditions. Recent reports have indicated growing interests among researchers to explore biochemical and molecular markers as indicators of accumulation of pollutants in the soil in general and pesticides in particular. The varying levels of several biomolecules in different parts of the earthworm have been reported which are indicative of sensitivity of the organisms to different xenobiotics. However, the existing information lacks the literature displaying stock of information regarding the impact of pesticides on the levels of some key enzymes regulating many crucial functions in the earthworm at one place. Keeping in view this issue, it was envisaged to bring out a mini review which illustrates updated information available on the impact of pesticides on the activities of certain key enzymes reported to be responsible for catalysing metabolic pathways concerning the neurotransmission system, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acids metabolism in different body parts of the earthworms, a prospective bioindicators of pesticides contamination in the soil.

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Section: Enzymes As Biomarkers In Earthwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil

Tiwari¹,

Singh²,

Pandey³

et al. 2016

AER

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“…Herbicides can also alter enzyme activities. Enzymes play a vital role in neurocholinergic transportation and cell stability by hindering the toxic effect of chemicals (Mekhalia et al 2016). The results of this study demonstrated that all herbicides were different from the control treatments in earthworm stimulation for catalase enzyme activity (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Antagonistic Effect on the Lethality of Earthworm (Eisenia Fetid L.) Being Exposed to Binary Mixtures of Metribuzin, Halosulfuron, and Flumioxazin

Kalkhoran¹,

Abad²,

Streibig³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Frequent use of herbicides might impose a risk for nontarget species, such as earthworms. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures: metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin: flumioxazin on a nontarget earthworm in two test systems. Two experiments on filter paper and two on artificial soil determined lethality and chronic toxicity on the earthworm. Results showed the flumioxazin had no high toxicity in contact filter paper test, with the lethal concentration (LC50) of 153.10 µg a.i cm-2 at 48 h. In the artificial soil test, flumioxazin LC10 was 0.65 mg a.i kg-1 on day 14. Metribuzin showed high toxicity to earthworms in the filter paper test with LC50 17.17 µg a.i cm-2 at 48 h but LC10 of metribuzin. Halosulfuron and metribuzin were highly toxic with LC10 value 0.24 and 0.47 mg a.i kg-1 on day 14. The herbicides' mixed effect showed in both test systems antagonistic effect, meaning that the mixtures retracted the herbicides' action in the earthworms relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. A chronic toxicity test showed that earthworm catalase was stimulated by metribuzin:halosulfuron (50:50%) and metribuzin (100%).

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“…also concludes the AChE inhibition due to OP exposure. Inhibition of AChE activity due to sekator herbicide in L. terrestris has also been stated byMekahlia et al (2015). Likewise, reduction in AChE activity due to endosulfan exposure has been reported byStepic et al (2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of chlorpyrifos and carbofuran on morphology, behavior and acetylcholinesterase activity of earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

2020

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Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates when applied in agricultural fields are the potential environmental polluters and toxicants for soil flora and fauna. Upon exposure to such chemical pesticides, morphology, behaviour and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) is altered. The present study dealt with the comparative analysis of toxic effects induced by chlorpyrifos (OP) and carbofuran (carbamate) exposure on morphology, behavior and AChE activity using standard filter paper contact toxicity method. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos and carbofuran for 24 hr was 0.25% and 5.13%, respectively, marking chlorpyrifos as more toxic pesticide than carbofuran. The treated worms exhibited abnormal morphological symptoms such as excessive mucus secretion, depigmentation, deformity, loss of metameric segments and damaged clitellum. Variation in behaviour such as reduced activity, sluggish movements and flattened posture marked the stress induced due to pesticide toxicity even at lower doses. Restlessness along with jerky movements was observed on exposure to higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos, whereas lower concentrations resulted in avoidance behavior toward pesticide coated glass vials. Thereafter, worms were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.13%, 0.25% and 0.38%) and carbofuran (2.57%, 5.13% and 7.70%) for 24h and 48h to assess sub-acute and acute toxicity effects of these pesticides on AChE. The enzyme activity after 48h was 94.14%, 60.21% and 40.44% for the worms exposed to 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.375% chlorpyrifos, respectively. The enzyme activity after 48h was 98.17%, 93.92% and 79.25% for the worms exposed to 2.57%, 5.13% and 7.70% carbofuran, respectively. Time and dose dependent significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of AChE in pre-clitellar region of earthworms was observed as compared to control when worms were exposed to chlorpyrifos and carbofuran. Alteration in behavioural response of the earthworms may be attributed to the decline in AChE activity of pre-clitellar region. However, chlorpyrifos was more potent inhibitor of AChE activity in Eisenia fetida as compared to that of carbofuran. Such alterations indicate the potential health risk of these pesticidesâ€™ exposure at high concentrations to E. fetida.

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In Vitro Biomarker Responses of Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Exposed to Herbicide Sekator and Phosphate Fertilizer

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil

Antagonistic Effect on the Lethality of Earthworm (Eisenia Fetid L.) Being Exposed to Binary Mixtures of Metribuzin, Halosulfuron, and Flumioxazin

Effect of chlorpyrifos and carbofuran on morphology, behavior and acetylcholinesterase activity of earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

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