In vitro cellular immunity in mammary carcinoma

Jones, Bronwyn; Turnbull, A. R.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1974.76

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of course, other aspects of the tumour-specific immune response, not measured by tube LAI, could be active, and their failure may allow the tumour to escape and enter a rapid growth phase. Assessment of other aspects of the immune response to tumours by in vitro assays of microcytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and macrophage migration in human tumours have also detected, however, the waning of antitumour immunity after surgery (Anderson et al, 1970;Bull et al, 1973;Jones & Turnbull, 1974;Reiche et al, 1976;Elias et al, 1977;Canevari et al, 1975;O'Toole et al, 1973; Unsgaard & O'Toole, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of antitumour immunity in human breast cancer assayed by tube leucocyte adherence inhibition

López¹,

O’Connor²,

MacFarlane³

et al. 1978

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-The specificity of the tube LAI in breast cancer was examined in a study with coded samples of PBL. In addition, 64 patients with breast cancer had their LAI reactivity monitored and correlated with their clinical status for up to 3 years after mastectomy. When patients were assayed by tube LAI, 83, 72, and 29%o with Stage I, and II and III breast cancer respectively were positive. In Stage IV breast cancer, 88% of those with local recurrence and 15% of those with disseminated cancer were positive. By contrast, 3o% of control subjects were LAI+. A select group of patients admitted to hospital with suspicious breast lumps that histopathologically proved to be benign breast disease (BBD) had a higher incidence of LAI+ (12%), whereas of outpatients with BBD only 2% were LAI+. Most breast cancer patients' LAI reactivity became negative 2-4 months after mastectomy, even when some harboured micrometastases. LAI reactivity remained absent in those patients who remained clinically "cancer-free". In the follow-up patients, LAI activity returned about 4 months before local recurrence. LAI reactivity was observed in 7/8 patients in the coded study and 14/15 patients in the follow-up study preceding and/or at the time of local recurrence. A few patients (15%o,) progressed to widespread cancer without preceding positive LAI activity. The results suggest that tumour-specific immunity rapidly fades after surgery and may play no role in the rejection of micrometastases by 6 months after surgery. In addition, the present study has shown that the human host manifests tumour-specific immunity when the cancer is small, and suggests that the early detection of human cancer would depend upon reliable methods to measure the tumour-specific immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of antitumour immunity in human breast cancer assayed by tube leucocyte adherence inhibition

López¹,

O’Connor²,

MacFarlane³

et al. 1978

Br J Cancer

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“…In addition to skin test evaluation of a patient's immune status, numerous in vitro assays have been developed for assessment of cell-mediated immunity to tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Since the original reports of Serborg and Bendixen (1967), leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) has been performed successfully in many human tumor systems, including carcinoma of the breast (Andersen et al, 1970;Anderson et al, 1973;Cochran et al, 1973;Black et a[., 1974;Jones and Turnbull, 1974;McCoy et al, 1974McCoy et al, , 1976, malignant melanoma (Cochran et al, 1973;McCoy et a[., 1973, leukemia andlymphoma (Cohen et al, 1974), and renal cell carcinoma (Kjaer, 1974). Several groups have now shown inhibition in lung cancer patients against specific lung tumor extracts (Alth et al, 1973;Boddie et al, 1974Boddie et al, , 1975.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung

Oldham

Weese

Herberman

et al. 1976

Intl Journal of Cancer

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One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29 degrees C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large-cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small-cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor-associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor-associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).

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“…For example, with carcinoma of the colon it has been established that extracts prepared by papain digestion of cell membranes or 3M KCI treatment of tumour tissue contain tumour-associated antigens, defined by the inhibition of peripheral blood leucocyte cytotoxicity (Baldwin et al, 1973a;Embleton and Price, 1975) or migration (McCoy et al, 1974). The 3M KCl extraction procedure has also been used to isolate fractions from other tumours, including melanoma and carcinoma of the breast, which contain soluble tumour antigens defined by their capacity to inhibit the migration of patient's leucocytes (Jones and Turnbull, 1974;McCoy et al, 1975). The characteristics in terms of specificity and chemical properties of the antigens isolated in these tumour extracts are still poorly resolved, though it is widely believed that, as with the experimental tumours, they are cell-membrane-associated proteins or glycoproteins.…”

Section: Human Tumour Associated Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%