In vitro characterization bioassays of the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum: Evaluation on growth, extracellular enzymes, mycotoxins and survival in the surrounding agroecosystem of tomato

Girardi, Natalia Soledad; Sosa, Ana Laura; Etcheverry, María Alejandra Passone Miriam Graciela

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.001

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This test was carried out following the methodology proposed by Girardi et al, (2022). PDA plates were inoculated in the center with a 0.5 cm diameter disc of the fungus.…”

Section: Fungal Growth Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protease, amylase, lipase, and chitinase activities were evaluated by plate technique using the same methodology used by Girardi et al, (2022). The following culture media were used: media I (0.05 peptone, 0.03 meat extract, 0.05 NaCl, 15.0 agar-agar) (g l − 1 ) supplemented with gelatin (10.0 g l − 1 ), starch (10 g l − 1 ), sorbitan monolaurate 10 (g l − 1 ) (Barra et al, 2015) and media II (0.07 K 2 HPO 4 , 0.08 MgSO 4 .…”

Section: Semiquantitative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungal counts were determined following the methodology proposed by Girardi et al, (2022). Dilutions of the soil samples were made, and an aliquot (0.1 ml) of each dilution was spread on PDA supplemented with antibiotics (0.05 streptomycin sulfate, 0.05 chloramphenicol, and 0.075 rose Bengal) (g l − 1 ) and were incubated at 25°C for 7 days.…”

Section: Fungal Saprophytic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

et al. 2023

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The plant-parasitic nematode, Nacobbus sp., is responsible for signi cant economic losses in horticultural production centers in Argentina and other countries in America, alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors. Although the genus distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions. The management of phytoparasitic nematodes through biological control strategies is a promising eco-compatible alternative, allowing the sustainability of the crop horticultural system. Results of this study, rstly allowed ecophysiologically characterize Plectosphaerella plurivora SRA14, a strain with nematophagous activity on N. aberrans s.l. This fungal strain developed in vitro under a wide temperature range (20-30 °C), nevertheless the highest levels of water stress (Ψ: -7 and -10 Mpa; a W : 0.95 and 0.93) inhibited its growth. Notwithstanding, the production of extracellular enzymes by this strain was low, P. plurivora SRA14 was able to develop in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of the tomato and basil crops without affecting the plant vigor parameters and producing phytotoxicity signs. Secondly, this study evidenced the biocontrol activity of P. plurivora SRA14 on N. aberrans s.l. population in tomato implanted both on sterile (arti cially inoculated) and naturally infested soils via greenhouse pot experiments. The results of this work revealed for the rst time the potential of P. plurivora SRA14 to consolidate itself as a biological control agent of the phytoparasitic nematode, N. aberrans s.l., in horticultural crops.The population of N. aberrans s.l. (MH000315) isolated from a horticultural eld in Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina, and identi ed by Sosa et al. (2018) was maintained in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. valouro) under greenhouse conditions. To obtain the inoculum, egg masses were extracted by dilaceration under a stereoscopic microscope from infested plant galls and placed in conical tubes with sterile distilled water. The obtained solution was homogenized and observed under an optical microscope to reach the necessary concentration of eggs. Fungal growth studiesThis test was carried out following the methodology proposed by Girardi et al., (2022). PDA plates were inoculated in the center with a 0.5 cm diameter disc of the fungus. The water activity (a W ) of the culture medium was modi ed by adding glycerol (0.99, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.93) and the matrix potential (Ψm) by PEG 8000 (-0.7, -3, -7 and − 10 MPa) (Dallyn and Fox, 1980). Plates with 0.99 a W were incubated at 20, 25, and 30°C for 15 days to evaluate the effect of temperature. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. Fungal growth was examined daily, evaluating the diameter of the fungal colonies to calculate the growth rate (Passone et al., 2005). Production of extracellular enzymes Semiquantitative studiesProtease, amylase, lipase, and chitinase activities were evaluated by plate technique using the same ...

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“…This test was carried out following the methodology proposed by Girardi et al, (2022). PDA plates were inoculated in the center with a 0.5 cm diameter disc of the fungus.…”

Section: Fungal Growth Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semiquantitative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Saprophytic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

et al. 2023

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“…In some interactions, combined infection mechanisms provided higher parasitism efficiency. Recent studies showed the capacity of these isolates to produce extracellular enzymes and mycotoxins on inductive culture media, and elucidated the mechanisms involved in nematode parasitism ( Girardi et al., 2022 ). The maximum chitinolytic activity (from 0.12 to 0.18 U/h mL) was reached at 13 days of incubation (150 rpm, 0.99 a W , 25°C), regardless of the isolate, but protease production significantly differed between them (SR7 = 0.38; SR14, SR38 = 0.15 U/min mL), regardless of the incubation time.…”

Section: Sustainable Strategies For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

et al. 2022

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The genus Nacobbus, known as the false root-knot nematode, is native to the American continent and comprises polyphagous species adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors, Nacobbus spp. can cause significant economic yield losses on main food crops such as potato, sugar beet, tomato, pepper and bean, in South and North America. Although the genus distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions, such as the European Union. The management of Nacobbus spp. remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of information related to different aspects of its life cycle, survival stages in the soil and in plant material, a rapid and reliable diagnostic method for its detection and the insufficient source of resistant plant genotypes. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, the search for alternatives has been intensified. Therefore, this review reports findings on the application of environmentally benign treatments to manage Nacobbus spp. Biological control strategies, such as the use of different organisms (mainly bacteria, fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes) and other eco-compatible approaches (such as metabolites, essential oils, plant extracts, phytohormones and amendments), either alone or as part of a combined control strategy, are discussed. Knowledge of potential sources of resistance for genetic improvement for crops susceptible to Nacobbus spp. are also reported. The sustainable strategies outlined here offer immediate benefits, not only to counter the pathogen, but also as good alternatives to improve crop health and growth.

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“…Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) is a nematophagous fungus that belongs to the Ascomycota phylum [10,11]. This fungus occurs naturally in the soil and rhizospheres of many crops [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium lilacinum for plant growth promotion and biocontrol against root-knot nematodes infecting eggplant

Khan

Tanaka

2023

PLoS ONE

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Purpureocillium lilacinum is a biocontrol Ascomycota fungus against various plant pathogens. In the present study, the efficacy of P. lilacinum was evaluated against a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita that infects eggplants. We performed an in vitro experiment in which the direct effects of P. lilacinum on the second-stage juvenile survival and egg hatching of M. incognita were tested at different exposure times. The results showed that P. lilacinum significantly reduced the rates of egg hatching and juvenile survival in a dose-dependent manner. Microscopic observation demonstrated that P. lilacinum directly penetrated the eggs and contacted the juveniles, indicating how P. lilacinum parasitizes M. incognita. We also performed a pot assay in which soil-grown eggplants were treated with P. lilacinum followed by inoculation with M. incognita. The results indicated that P. lilacinum effectively reduced the nematode population and the number of galls in plant roots. Interestingly, application of P. lilacinum resulted in significant enhancements in plant growth and biomass, even under nematode infection, while it improved plant photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll and carotenoids. Taken together, our study suggested that P. lilacinum can be used as a plant growth-promoting fungus and a biological nematicide for disease management of root-knot nematodes in eggplants.

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In vitro characterization bioassays of the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum: Evaluation on growth, extracellular enzymes, mycotoxins and survival in the surrounding agroecosystem of tomato

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

Purpureocillium lilacinum for plant growth promotion and biocontrol against root-knot nematodes infecting eggplant

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