In vitro Cr(VI) speciation in synthetic saliva after releasing from orthodontic brackets using silica-aptes separation and GF AAS determination

Abstract

A method for Cr(VI) speciation in synthetic saliva after releasing from orthodontic brackets, using silica nanoparticles organofunctionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) for Cr(III)/Cr(VI) separation and GF AAS determination is proposed. Under the optimized conditions, Cr(VI) speciation was performed using 150 mg of silica organofunctionalized with 2.0% (v v -1 ) of APTES at pH 8. It was observed different sensitivity when calibrations of GF AAS were performed using Cr(III) or Cr(VI) as standard solutions. Consequently, calibrations using stoichiometric mixtures (Cr(III) + Cr(VI)) were used for total Cr determination and calibration using Cr(VI) was used only for the determination of this specie. The reliability of the proposed silica-APTES separation procedure and GF AAS determination was checked by addition of both species in synthetic saliva. Recoveries ranging from 97 to 110% were obtained. The repeatability, based on the relative standard deviation (RSD) inter days was less than 6%. A corrosion test was carried out on 20 orthodontic brackets from two different models, after immersion in synthetic saliva (pH=6.0) at 37 °C with agitation (125 rpm) for 24 h. It was observed that about 40% of the total chromium released from the analyzed orthodontic brackets was Cr(VI).

Corrosion of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: Causes, Concerns, and Mitigation Strategies

“…Between the two most stable oxidation states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI), its hexavalent form is toxic and exhibits mutagenic, cytotoxic, and carcinogenic effects in humans [144]. Reportedly, both oxidation states were found in vitro after the corrosion of SS orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva [190].…”