In Vitro Cultivation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of a Cytophaga-Like Intracellular Symbiote Isolated from the Tick Ixodes scapularis

Morimoto, Sayaka; Kurtti, Timothy J.; Noda, Hiroaki

doi:10.1007/s00284-005-0349-7

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The frequency of Cardinium infection among biting midges was 16.0% (n ϭ 25). All of the PCR primers used for screening of Cardinium infection in earlier studies, i.e., CLOf1 and CLOr1 (46), ChF and ChR (51), and CFBf1 and CFBr1 (28), could amplify PCR products from the samples, which were proven positive for Cardinium infection (data not shown). The fact that this group of Cardinium bacteria had not been found in previous screenings strongly suggests that screening of a greater number of arthropod species will be required for a more complete understanding of the phylogenetic diversity of Cardinium.…”

Section: Appl Environ Microbiolmentioning

confidence: 86%

Prevalence of Cardinium Bacteria in Planthoppers and Spider Mites and Taxonomic Revision of “ Candidatus Cardinium hertigii” Based on Detection of a New Cardinium Group from Biting Midges

Nakamura

Kawai

Yukuhiro

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

122

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardinium bacteria, members of the phylum Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB), are intracellular bacteria in arthropods that are capable of inducing reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, which include parasitic wasps, mites, and spiders. A high frequency of Cardinium infection was detected in planthoppers (27 out of 57 species were infected). A high frequency of Cardinium infection was also found in spider mites (9 out of 22 species were infected). Frequencies of double infection by Cardinium and Wolbachia bacteria (Alphaproteobacteria capable of manipulating reproduction of their hosts) were disproportionately high in planthoppers but not in spider mites. A new group of bacteria, phylogenetically closely related to but distinct from previously described Cardinium bacteria (based on 16S rRNA and gyrB genes) was found in 4 out of 25 species of Culicoides biting midges. These bacteria possessed a microfilament-like structure that is a morphological feature previously found in Cardinium and Paenicardinium. The bacteria close to the genus Cardinium consist of at least three groups, A, B, and C. Group A is present in various species of arthropods and was previously referred to as "Candidatus Cardinium hertigii," group B is present in plant parasitic nematodes and was previously referred to as "Candidatus Paenicardinium endonii," and group C is present in Culicoides biting midges. On the basis of morphological and molecular data, we propose that the nomenclature of these three groups be integrated into a single species, "Candidatus Cardinium hertigii."Compared to the Wolbachia bacteria, which belong to the alpha subdivision of the phylum Proteobacteria and are known as master manipulators of arthropod reproduction (48), the Cardinium bacteria, which belong to the phylum CytophagaFlavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB), are relatively new to biological study. The phylum CFB includes many other bacteria associated with arthropods, such as symbionts in cockroaches (3) and termites (4) and the male-killing agents of ladybird beetles (21). Cardinium was first observed in tick cell cultures as an unknown intracellular prokaryote that was rod shaped and had an array of tubes extending from the cytoplasmic membrane (22). In 2001, related symbiotic bacteria were reported as manipulators of arthropod reproduction because they caused feminization, by which genetic males were converted into phenotypic females, in the false spider mite Brevipalpas obovatus (45) and parthenogenesis, in which haploid eggs were converted into viable diploid females, in the parasitoid wasp Encarsia pergandiella (50). Since the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these bacteria exhibited 96% to 98% similarity to the tick microorganism, they were classified in the phylum CFB. Subsequently, bacteria in this group were found to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), in which uninfected female hosts produce few offspring when mated with infected males in parasitic wasps of the genus Encarsia (20) and in two spider mites, Eotetranychus suginamensis and Bryobi...

show abstract

Section: Appl Environ Microbiolmentioning

confidence: 86%

Prevalence of Cardinium Bacteria in Planthoppers and Spider Mites and Taxonomic Revision of “ Candidatus Cardinium hertigii” Based on Detection of a New Cardinium Group from Biting Midges

Nakamura

Kawai

Yukuhiro

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

122

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infections of both Cardinium and Wolbachia have not so far been found in spider mites but were found in T. pueraricola. Cardinium were sensitive to tetracycline, rifampicin, penicillin G, ampicillin and chloramphenicol antibiotics (Morimoto et al, 2006). Tetracycline and rifampicin were effective against Wolbachia, but penicillin G was less effective (Fenollar et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small discs (ca 1 cm 2 ) of the original host or kidney bean leaves were placed on a cotton bed soaked in either tetracycline hydrochloride (0.1%, w/v; TC, Wako) Morimoto et al, 2006). The procedure was carried out in plastic dishes (9 cm in diameter), 1 day before the start of rearing.…”

Section: Antibiotic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardinium symbionts cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in spider mites

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intracellular symbiotic bacteria belonging to the CytophagaFlavobacterium-Bacteroides lineage have recently been described and are widely distributed in arthropod species. The newly discovered bacteria, named Cardinium sp, cause the expression of various reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), induction of parthenogenesis and feminization of genetic males. We detected 16S ribosomal DNA sequences similar to those of Cardinium from seven populations of five spider mite species, suggesting a broad distribution of infection of Cardinium in spider mites. To clarify the effect of Cardinium on the reproductive traits of the infected spider mites, infected mites were crossed with uninfected mites for each population. In one of the populations, Eotetranychus suginamensis, CI was induced when infected males were crossed with uninfected females. The other six populations of four species showed no reproductive abnormalities in the F 1 generation, but the possibility of CI effects in the F 2 generation remains to be tested. One species of spider mite, Tetranychus pueraricola, harbored both Cardinium and Wolbachia, but these symbionts seemed to have no effect on the reproduction of the host, even when the host was infected independently with each symbiont. Heredity (2007) 98, 13-20.

show abstract

“…Small leaf discs (ca 3 cm 2 ) from the common bean were placed on a cotton bed soaked in either tetracycline solution (0.1%, w/v) to eliminate both Cardinium and Wolbachia or in penicillin G solution (0.1%, w/v) to eliminate Cardinium only (Morimoto et al 2006), and kept for 24 h before they were used for rearing the newly hatched larvae. Distilled water was added daily to keep the cotton bed wet.…”

Section: Preparation Of Spider Mite Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic incompatibility and fitness benefits in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (red form) doubly infected with Wolbachia and Cardinium

Xie

Sun

Xue

et al. 2016

Systematic and Applied Acarology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maternally inherited Wolbachia and Cardinium are widely distributed among arthropods, and their presence usually causes modifications of the reproduction and fitness of the host. Although co-infections of Cardinium and Wolbachia in the same host is common, yet relatively little is known about the multiple infections on host or the individual effects of each symbiont. In this study, we investigated the effects of, and interaction between, Wolbachia and Cardinium in the doubly infected two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (red form) in China. The individual cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) level, bacteria density, fecundity, and host longevity were examined. Our results indicate that Wolbachia induced a week level of CI, while Cardinium-infected and doubly infected males causes severe CI. Wolbachia and Cardinium could not modify the CI strength and rescue CI each other. Wolbachia inhibited the proliferation of Cardinium in double-infected mites. The infection with Cardinium alone enhanced the fecundity of infected females. Interestingly, we found survival benefit in Wolbachia-infected, Cardinium-infected and the doubly infected females. We discuss the results observed with respect to the spread of bacterial infection in natural populations.

show abstract

In Vitro Cultivation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of a Cytophaga-Like Intracellular Symbiote Isolated from the Tick Ixodes scapularis

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence of Cardinium Bacteria in Planthoppers and Spider Mites and Taxonomic Revision of “ Candidatus Cardinium hertigii” Based on Detection of a New Cardinium Group from Biting Midges

Prevalence of Cardinium Bacteria in Planthoppers and Spider Mites and Taxonomic Revision of “ Candidatus Cardinium hertigii” Based on Detection of a New Cardinium Group from Biting Midges

Cardinium symbionts cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in spider mites

Cytoplasmic incompatibility and fitness benefits in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (red form) doubly infected with Wolbachia and Cardinium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About