In Vitro Cultivation of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie on Fungal Cultures

Abstract

White tip disease on rice caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is categorized as emerging infectious disease in Indonesia because the disease incidence and its geographical distributionare increasing rapidly. Until presently, there is no information related with mass culture technique of Ap. besseyi in Indonesia. Thus, studies to obtain pure population of Ap. besseyi are necessary to be conducted to support various research aspects in the future. This research is aimed to study Ap. besseyi pure mass culture technique by rearing the nematode on three fungal species. Three different fungal cultures on PDA medium, i.e. Alternaria padwickii, Fusarium semitectum, and Botrytis cinerea were tested as Ap. besseyi cultivation media. To obtain the optimum condition for nematode cultivation, the fungal cultures were incubated in three different temperature. The nematodes were surface sterilized with 0.1% streptomycin sulfate followed by washing with sterilized water before infesting the nematode into fungal culture. Subsequently, 25 sterilized nematodes were infested into 7 days old of fungal culture and incubated at 20ºC, 25ºC and 30 ºC. After 21 days, nematodes were harvested and counted the final population. Among fungal species tested as rearing medium, the best culture for Ap. besseyi reproduction was on Al. padwickii culture at 25 ºC with average final population up to 9,115 per petri dish and reproduction factor 364.6. At a 30ºC, Ap. besseyi was failed to develop its population in all the fungal cultures tested. It indicated that the optimum temperature for reproduction of Ap. besseyi on those of fungal species was 20-25 ºC.

Mass Rearing of Foliar Nematode Aphlenchoides fragariae on Fungal Culture

“…Biakan spesies cendawan dan suhu inkubasi berpengaruh pada fase kehidupan nematoda. Nematoda juvenil berkembang biak dengan baik pada biakan cendawan A. padwickii dengan suhu inkubasi 20 ℃, sedangkan nematoda dewasa pada suhu inkubasi 25 ℃ (Imamah 2019). Cendawan A. padwickii dan F. semitectum merupakan cendawan yang dapat mendukung perkembangan nematoda pada suhu inkubasi 20-25 ℃.…”

“…Cendawan A. padwickii dan F. semitectum merupakan cendawan yang dapat mendukung perkembangan nematoda pada suhu inkubasi 20-25 ℃. P e n e l i t i a n p e m b i a k a n n e m a t o d a A. besseyi-nematoda pucuk putih paditelah dilakukan pada biakan cendawan A. padwickii, F. semitectum, dan B. cinerea (Imamah et al 2020). Pembiakan nematoda Aphelenchoides, khususnya A. fragariae, pada biakan cendawan dapat menjadi metode yang efisien untuk mendukung berbagai aspek penelitian (bioekologi, pengendalian, resistensi, dan lainnya).…”

“…Suhu optimum untuk nematoda fungivora telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa peneliti. Pada perbanyakan nematoda A. besseyi, populasi final A. besseyi tertinggi, yaitu sebanyak 9115.3 nematoda dengan suhu inkubasi 25 ℃ pada cendawan A. padwickii dan sebanyak 6334.8 pada cendawan F. semitectum (Imamah 2019). Populasi nematoda A. besseyi, A. saprophilus dan Aphelenchus avenae tumbuh dengan baik pada suhu 15-25 ℃ pada biakan cendawan Alternaria tenuis (Shesteperov dan Migunova 2022).…”