In Vitro Cultures of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: An Overview of Methods, Molecular Analyses, and Clinical Applications

Abstract

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics, have been extensively studied in recent years. Because they have been shown to differentiate into lineages such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic or myogenic, the focus of most of the current research concerns either their potential to replace bone marrow as a readily available and abundant source of MSCs, or to employ them in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. There is close to consensus regarding the methodology used for ASC isolation and culture, whereas a number of molecular analyses implicates them in potential therapies of a number of pathologies. When it comes to clinical application, there is a range of examples of animal trials and clinical studies employing ASCs, further emphasizing the advancement of studies leading to their more widespread use. Nevertheless, in vitro studies will most likely continue to play a significant role in ASC studies, both providing the molecular knowledge of their ex vivo properties and possibly serving as an important step in purification and application of those cells in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is important to consider current methods of ASC isolation, culture, and processing. Furthermore, molecular analyses and cell surface properties of ASCs are essential for animal studies, clinical studies, and therapeutic applications of the MSC properties.

Evaluation of Root-End Preparation with Two Different Endodontic Microsurgery Ultrasonic Tips

“…Thus, after preparing the apical cavity, root-end filling should include the use of a biocompatible and bioactive material, such as MTA or Biodentine, which promotes the repair/regeneration of the apical tissues [68,70]. The technical principles of endodontic microsurgery are therefore underlying a whole biological approach and new promising potential applications of regenerative strategies should be considered [71][72][73][74][75][76].…”

Optimization of adipogenic differentiation conditions for canine adipose-derived stem cells

“…ADSCs are considered as effective treatment models because they can be differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, and chondrocytes [ 1 ]. Basic studies with ADSCs isolated from donors such as human, murine, and canine to understand their characterization and potential have been widely conducted for many years [ 2 3 4 ]. Some in vitro studies that investigated the control of several differentiation processes of ADSCs suggested therapeutic applications such as tissue, bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular regeneration and improved our understanding of the underlying mechanisms [ 21 ].…”

“…Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), also a type of ASCs, are difficult to obtain and available in small amount [ 3 ]. Therefore, ADSCs are considered as a potential alternative for BMSCs and serve as an attractive model [ 4 ]. ADSCs undergo differentiation, including adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic differentiation, into various cell types and have potential therapeutic applications in various fields [ 5 6 ].…”

“…ADSCs undergo differentiation, including adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic differentiation, into various cell types and have potential therapeutic applications in various fields [ 5 6 ]. In particular, studies on the control of the adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs suggest their therapeutic application for the management of obesity and aging diseases [ 4 7 ].…”

qPCR analysis of mesenchymal stem cell marker expression during the long-term culture of canine adipocyte derived stem cells

“…osteogenic or chondrogenic. This proves to be problematic, as several approaches looking to employ ASCs in treatment of diseases such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis often base on their in vitro differentiation into non-adipose related cells [17]. Hence, there is a large need for basic molecular studies focused on the mechanisms associated with in vitro cultures of ASCs, to enable full understanding of the processes that drive the potential changes in these cells induced by the absence of their usual environment.…”