In vitro cytotoxicity of cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil on human skin, gastric, and brain cancer cell line

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of selected essential oils on human skin, gastric, and brain cancer cell lines using microculture tetrazolium test. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical analysis, as well as acute oral toxicity tests, was carried out in female albino mice with cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 425. Anticancer activities of the above test drugs were performed using human cancer cell lines. The studies were carried out at Skanda Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru. Results: Phytochemical analysis has shown the presence of carbohydrates and flavonoids in cardamom oil. While lemon oil has shown the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins, jasmine oil has shown the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. Toxicity studies showed that cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil were all found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Results have shown that lemon oil exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward three human cancer cell lines, namely skin cancer (A431), gastric cancer (MKN-45), and brain cancer (U-87 MG) cell lines, with higher IC50 values of 62.82 μg/ml, 220.9 μg/ml, and 440.1 μg/ml compared to standard. Jasmine oil exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward skin cancer and brain cancer cell lines, whereas cardamom oil has shown stronger cytotoxicity only toward skin cancer cell line but did not show any level of inhibition of growth of brain and gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study reveals that lemon oil, jasmine oil, and cardamom oil possess potent antitumor activity compared to standard. At different concentrations, lemon oil has shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity toward all the three human cancer cell lines. While jasmine oil has shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity toward skin and brain cancer cell line, cardamom oil has also shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity but only toward skin cancer cell line.

<p>Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Can Replace Fibroblasts as Cell Control for Anti-Tumor Screening Assay</p>

“…As shown in Figure 3, these values significantly increased when the higher passage of DFs were used: 9.00 ± 1.00 ng/mL at 3rd passage (PDL of 9.66), 11.17 ± 1.04 ng/mL at 6th passage (PDL of 14.41), 13.90 ± 1. 15 Figure 3A). Figure 3B).…”

“…For a long time, dermal fibroblasts (DFs) from both humans and rodents were used as normal cell controls in almost all screening studies. [11][12][13][14][15] There has been no study to explain why fibroblasts were used in the studies herein. However, fibroblasts have been popular cells to study, and they are easy to isolate and expand for a long time.…”

Yasemin çiçeğinin (Jasminum flos) morfolojik ve anatomik olarak incelenmesi, piyasa örneklerinin bilimsel değerlendirilmesi

“…Ayrıca, Tekirdağ'daki örnek alımı sırasında yasemin çiçeğinin gögüs yumuşatıcı ve yeşil çay ile beraber zayıflatıcı etkisi Ankara (Kızılay)'da bağırsaklara yardımcı olması nedeniyle satıldığı bilgisi derlenmiştir. Sakinleştirici, göğüs yumuşatıcı ve bağırsaklara yardımcı olarak kullanımı kaynak verileriyle uyumludur [12][13][14]17].…”

“…Yapraklar ülser, ateş ve cilt hastalıklarının tedavisi için kullanılan reçine, salisilik asit, askorbik asit ve alkaloitleri içerir [7]. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda J. officinale türünün analjezik, antispazmodik, antibakteriyel ve antimikrobiyal etkilerinin olduğu da kanıtlanmıştır [8,[13][14][15].…”

Nanoemulsions of Jasminum humile L. and Jasminum grandiflorum L. Essential Oils: An Approach to Enhance Their Cytotoxic and Antiviral Effects

“…The EO of Jasminum grandiflorum was examined for its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as candidiasis [ 5 ]. Jasminum grandiflorum was reported to have cytotoxic activity against brain cancer cell line [ 6 ].…”