In vitro degradation and cytocompatibility evaluation of novel soy and sodium caseinate-based membrane biomaterials

Abstract

Soy- and casein-based membranes are newly proposed materials disclosing a combination of properties that might allow for their use in a range of biomedical applications. Two of the most promising applications are drug delivery carrier systems and wound dressing membranes. As for all newly proposed biomaterials, a cytotoxic scanning must be performed as a preliminary step in the process of the determination of the compatibility with biological systems (biocompatibility). In this study, the cytotoxicity of both soy- and casein-based protein biomaterials has been evaluated and correlated with the materials degradation behavior. It was possible to show, through morphological and biochemical tests that these natural origin materials do not exert any cytotoxic effect over cells, and in some cases can in fact enhance cell proliferation. The different treatments to which the membranes were subjected during their processing (that include crosslinking with glyoxal and tannic acid, and physical modification by thermal treatment) seemed to have a clear effect both on the materials mechanical properties and on their in vitro biological behavior.

Structural requirements for stabilization of vascular elastin by polyphenolic tannins

“…Furthermore, it was apparent that tissue treated with Glut/ TA released components more toxic than those resulting from Glut/PGG-treated tissue. Similar studies have been conducted on by-products of TA-treated biomaterials in which their cytotoxic behavior was confirmed [25]. Studies in our laboratory are currently being performed to investigate tissue and organ toxicity of PGG in animal models.…”

Soyprotein fibers with high strength and water stability for potential medical applications

“…In Figure 7, the cells have elongated polygonal shape and flat surfaces indicating tight cell adhesion to the membranes, and some of the cells have secreted filamentous substances called flagella. 13 The shape of the cells and secretion of flagella indicate that soyprotein fibers are conducive to cell growth and generation of tissues. The biocompatibility and good stability of the soyprotein fibers in physiological pH at 50 and 90 C indicate that the fibers can last for more than 15 days at body temperature allowing for the generation of tissues both in vitro and in vivo.…”

“…Attempts were also made to develop biomaterials from soyproteins. 3,13 It was found that thermoplastics made from soyproteins had mechanical and degradation properties suitable for tissue engineering, but no cell culture studies were performed. 3 In another study, membranes were produced by blending chitosan and soyprotein, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and used as substrates for cell culture.…”

The enzyme-mediated autodeposition of casein: effect of enzyme immobilization on deposition of protein structures

“…23,24 Furthermore, they have potential applications in the medical sector, e.g., as biocompatible wound dressing material or in drug delivery systems. 25,26 Structure of casein micelle Over the years, several models for the casein micelle structure have been published and were intensively discussed in the literature. The first model was introduced by Walstra and suggests the existence of casein sub-micelles with diameters of about 15 nm, linked together by bridges of colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP).…”