In vitro degradation of four magnesium–zinc–strontium alloys and their cytocompatibility with human embryonic stem cells

Cipriano, Aaron F.; Zhao, Tong; Johnson, Ian; Guan, Renguo; Garcia, Salvador; Liu, Huinan

doi:10.1007/s10856-013-4853-1

Cited by 51 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…An increasing β-phase volume fraction with increasing Sr content was observed for the ZSr41A-D alloys and is consistent with previous reports in literature [27]. In this systematic study, the samples were polished up to 0.25 μm polycrystalline diamond paste to show the morphology of the secondary phases in detail.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Cytocompatibility and early inflammatory response of human endothelial cells in direct culture with Mg-Zn-Sr alloys

et al. 2017

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Crystalline Mg-Zinc (Zn)-Strontium (Sr) ternary alloys consist of elements naturally present in the human body and provide attractive mechanical and biodegradable properties for a variety of biomedical applications. The first objective of this study was to investigate the degradation and cytocompatibility of four Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys (x = 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%; designated as ZSr41A, B, C, and D respectively) in the direct culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. The second objective was to investigate, for the first time, the early-stage inflammatory response in cultured HUVECs as indicated by the induction of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The results showed that the 24-h in vitro degradation of the ZSr41 alloys containing a β-phase with a Zn/Sr at% ratio ~1.5 was significantly faster than the ZSr41 alloys with Zn/Sr at% ~1. Additionally, the adhesion density of HUVECs in the direct culture but not in direct contact with the ZSr41 alloys for up to 24 h was not adversely affected by the degradation of the alloys. Importantly, neither culture media supplemented with up to 27.6 mM Mg2+ ions nor media intentionally adjusted up to alkaline pH 9 induced any detectable adverse effects on HUVEC responses. In contrast, the significantly higher, yet non-cytotoxic, Zn2+ ion concentration from the degradation of ZSr41D alloy was likely the cause for the initially higher VCAM-1 expression on cultured HUVECs. Lastly, analysis of the HUVEC-ZSr41 interface showed near-complete absence of cell adhesion directly on the sample surface, most likely caused by either a high local alkalinity, change in surface topography, and/or surface composition. The direct culture method used in this study was proposed as a valuable tool for studying the design aspects of Zn-containing Mg-based biomaterials in vitro, in order to engineer solutions to address current shortcomings of Mg alloys for vascular device applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Details pertaining to the metallurgical process and heat treatment used for alloy preparation are described elsewhere [26,27]. The heat-treated 1.0 mm thick sheets of ZSr41 alloys were cut into 5 × 5 mm squares.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytocompatibility and early inflammatory response of human endothelial cells in direct culture with Mg-Zn-Sr alloys

et al. 2017

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“…In the present study, we combine the well-known osteogenic properties of strontium with magnesium to generate a bioabsorbable implant material with stable Sr release after implantation, while tailoring the alloy's biocompatibility and degradation performance. Our previous research showed that addition of Sr in ternary Mg alloys improved the mechanical and corrosion properties [24,26], and addition of 1 wt.% Sr resulted in improved cytocompatibility with human embryonic stem cells when compared with 0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 wt.% Sr [25,26]. Therefore, the Mg-1Sr alloy (wt.%; designated in this study as J1 alloy per ASTM B275 standard [27] was chosen for the present in vivo study due to its suitable degradable, cytocompatible and mechanical properties [24,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our previous research showed that addition of Sr in ternary Mg alloys improved the mechanical and corrosion properties [24,26], and addition of 1 wt.% Sr resulted in improved cytocompatibility with human embryonic stem cells when compared with 0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 wt.% Sr [25,26]. Therefore, the Mg-1Sr alloy (wt.%; designated in this study as J1 alloy per ASTM B275 standard [27] was chosen for the present in vivo study due to its suitable degradable, cytocompatible and mechanical properties [24,26]. Furthermore, a solution and aging treatment was investigated to optimize the microstructure and degradation properties of the J1 alloy by tailoring the microstructure and distribution of second phases as shown extensively for other Mg alloys [13,28].…”

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An in vivo study on the metabolism and osteogenic activity of bioabsorbable Mg–1Sr alloy

et al. 2016

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An in vivo study on the metabolism and osteogenic activity of bioabsorbable Mg-1Sr alloyIn: Acta Biomaterialia (2015) Elsevier DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.actbio.2015 An in vivo study on the metabolism and osteogenic activity of bioabsorbable Mg-1Sr alloy AbstractPrevious studies indicated that local delivery of strontium effectively increased bone quality and formation around osseointegrating implants. Therefore, implant materials with long-lasting and controllable strontium release are avidly pursued. The central objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo biocompatibility, metabolism and osteogenic activity of the bioabsorbable Mg-1Sr (wt.%, nominal composition) alloy for bone regeneration. The general corrosion rate of the alloy implant as a femoral fracture fixation device was 0.55 ± 0.03 mm y −1 (mean value ± standard deviation) in New Zealand White rabbits which meet the bone implantation requirements and can be adjusted by material processing methods. All rabbits survived and the histological evaluation showed no abnormal physiology or diseases 16 weeks post-implantation. The degradation process of the alloy did not significantly alter 16 primary indexes of hematology, cardiac damage, inflammation, hepatic functions and metabolic process. Significant increases in peri-implant bone volume and direct bone-toimplant contact (48.3% ± 15.3% and 15.9% ± 5.6%, respectively) as well as the expressions of four osteogenesis related genes (runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and collagen, type I, alpha 1) were observed after 16 weeks implantation for the Mg-1Sr group when compared to the pure Mg group. The sound osteogenic properties of the Mg-1Sr alloy by longlasting and controllable Sr release suggesting a very attractive clinical potential. Statement of significanceSr (strontium) has exhibited pronounced effects to reduce the bone fracture risk in osteoporotic patients. Nonetheless, long-lasting local Sr release is hardly achieved by traditional methods like surface treatment. Therefore, a more efficient Sr local delivery platform is in high clinical demand. The stable and adjustable degradation process of Mg alloy makes it an ideal Sr delivery platform. We combine the well-known osteogenic properties of strontium with magnesium to manufacture bioabsorbable Mg-1Sr alloy with stable Sr release based on our previous studies. The in vitro and in vivo results both showed the alloy's suitable degradation rate and biocompatibility, and the sound osteogenic properties and stimulation effect on bone formation suggest its very attractive clinical potential.

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“…Prevalently, Mg and coating strategies were tested concerning their degradation rate in vitro. Few studies addressed the biological outcome by extraction testing or exposing cells to the material for a short culture period only [31][32][33][34]. We wanted to examine the in vitro performance of the n-HA coating in a biological milieu as well as to reconsider if a direct in vitro test set up is suitable for evaluating highly degradable materials in extended culture times.…”

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confidence: 99%

Testing the in vitro performance of hydroxyapatite coated magnesium (AZ91D) and titanium concerning cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation

Kleinhans¹,

Vacun

Surmenev³

et al. 2015

BioNanoMaterials

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In the current study the in vitro outcome of a degradable magnesium alloy (AZ91D) and standard titanium modified by nanostructured-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) coatings concerning cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation was investigated by direct cell culture. The n-HA modification was prepared via radiofrequency magnetron sputtering deposition and proven by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction patterns revealing a homogenous surface coating. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) adhesion was examined after one and 14 days displaying an enhanced initial cell adhesion on the n-HA modified samples. The osteogenic lineage commitment of the cells was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) quantification. On day one n-HA coated AZ91D exhibited a comparable ALP expression to standard tissue culture polystyrene samples. However, after 14 days solely little DNA and ALP amounts were measurable on n-HA coated AZ91D due to the lack of adherent cells.Titanium displayed excellent cell adhesion properties and ALP was detectable after 14 days. An increased pH of the culture was measured for AZ91D as well as for n-HA coated AZ91D. We conclude that n-HA modification improves initial cell attachment on AZ91D within the first 24 h. However, the effect does not persist for 14 days in in vitro conditions.

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In vitro degradation of four magnesium–zinc–strontium alloys and their cytocompatibility with human embryonic stem cells

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

Cytocompatibility and early inflammatory response of human endothelial cells in direct culture with Mg-Zn-Sr alloys

Cytocompatibility and early inflammatory response of human endothelial cells in direct culture with Mg-Zn-Sr alloys

An in vivo study on the metabolism and osteogenic activity of bioabsorbable Mg–1Sr alloy

Testing the in vitro performance of hydroxyapatite coated magnesium (AZ91D) and titanium concerning cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation

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