In Vitro Dermal Absorption of Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in a Roll-On Deodorant Using Human Skin

Abstract

In vitro dermal absorption experiments were conducted using a roll-on deodorant that contains 1.56% di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), a plasticizer widely used in consumer products. Human skin specimens were fitted in Bronaugh flow-through Teflon diffusion cells. The diffusion cells were maintained at 32 °C to reflect the skin temperature. Two amounts (low dose: 5 mg of the product; high dose: 100 mg) were applied, in triplicate, each on four different human skins. DEHA was determined in the receiver solution at 6-h intervals, using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After 24 h, the experiment was terminated and masses of DEHA in the skin depot, skin wash, and upper and lower chambers of the diffusion cell were determined. A significant portion of applied DEHA, 28% in the low amount application and 34% in the high one, was found in the skin depot. In comparison, only 0.04% and 0.002% of applied DEHA were found in the receiver solutions for the low and high doses, respectively. Under our experimental conditions, an apparent steady-state flux of low DEHA mass penetrating from skin into the receiver solution was observed with a penetration rate of 2.2 ng/cm(2)/h for both the low and high doses. The average mass recovery was 81% for the low dose application and 56% for the high dose.

Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of ten flame retardants in a human skin ex vivo model

“…Stratum corneum is generally considered the main barrier for percutaneous penetration (Hadgraft, 2004), but for highly lipophilic compounds, like the FRs in the current study, the dermis and viable epidermis may provide a significant barrier and temporary site for deposition and subsequent systemic absorption due to their hydrophilic nature (Nielsen et al, 2009). Similarly, Zhou et al (2013) studied the percutaneous penetration di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, which is structurally very different from the FRs but with similar log K ow (8.1) and found the majority of the absorbable dose present in the skin depot and very little in the receptor fluid.…”

“…the stratum corneum and epidermis generally containing a lot of lipids, while the deeper layers contain more water (WHO, 2006). The percutaneous penetration and dermal uptake of highly lipophilic compounds (particularly those with log K ow > 7), which includes many of the SVOCs found in indoor environments, have only rarely been studied (Zhou et al, 2013). Generally, they have been found to accumulate in the skin with limited penetration (Chu et al, 1996;Zhou et al, 2013).…”

“…The percutaneous penetration and dermal uptake of highly lipophilic compounds (particularly those with log K ow > 7), which includes many of the SVOCs found in indoor environments, have only rarely been studied (Zhou et al, 2013). Generally, they have been found to accumulate in the skin with limited penetration (Chu et al, 1996;Zhou et al, 2013). The expected percutaneous penetration of the studied FRs is low, but since the exposure is continuous uptake and penetration may become relevant over time.…”

Adjuvant Effect of an Alternative Plasticizer, Diisopropyl Adipate, on a Contact Hypersensitivity Mouse Model: Link with Sensory Ion Channel TRPA1 Activation

“…Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), 35,36) dibutyl adipate, 11) and diethyl adipate 8) are examples. Contamination by a phthalate ester (DEHP) and an adipate ester (DEHA) of packaged food, such as curry paste, was simultaneously checked for and reported in Thailand.…”

Determination of di(2-etilhexil) adipate in waters of lake Ypacarai by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

“…Los ésteres del ácido ftálico, junto con DEHA son compuestos químicos que se utilizan ampliamente en la industria de los plásticos, ya que mejoran la suavidad y la flexibilidad de estos (Farajzadeh & Khoshmaram, 2015). DEHA al igual que otros plastificantes son utilizados en muchos productos de plástico como los ésteres de celulosa y los copolímeros de cloruro de vinilo (PVC) para hacerlos más flexibles y poder utilizarlos por ejemplo como embalaje de alimentos entre otros (Zhou et al, 2013). Razón por la que DEHA es comúnmente detectado en alimentos con alto contenido de lípidos y con envolturas de plástico aditivadas con el mismo.…”