In vitro  Detection of Antibacterial Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticle against ESBL Producing  Klebsiella pneumoniae  Strains

AbdEl-Mongy, Mahmoud; Othman, Amal S.; Elkhateeb, Hamdy A.

doi:10.21608/ejm.2018.5057.1072

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…A study in Egypt revealed 46 E. coli isolates and showed that all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers were positive for bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes [ 53 ]. Another study carried out on K. pneumoniae showed that bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes were detected in 52.8% and 53.3% of ESBL isolates, respectively [ 54 , 55 ]. In another study, bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes were detected in K. pneumoniae more frequently than E. coli , and bla TEM genes were detected more frequently than bla CTX-M [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

et al. 2021

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The incidence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) among Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens collected from three different countries was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates were collected from Egypt (n = 90), Saudi Arabia (n = 162), and Sudan (n = 40). Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity against 20 antimicrobial agents from 11 antibiotic classes, the most resistant strains were selected and identified using the Vitek2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 85.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotic classes. The ratios of the multidrug-resistant strains for Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan were 74.4%, 90.1%, and 97.5%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inconstant resistance levels to the different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest levels of resistance against macrolides followed by penicillins and cephalosporin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to penicillins followed by classes that varied among different countries. The isolates were positive for the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M gene was the predominant gene in all isolates (100%), while blaTEM was detected in 66.7% of the selected isolates. This work highlights the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistant genes among different countries. We suggest that the medical authorities urgently implement antimicrobial surveillance plans and infection control policies for early detection and effective prevention of the rapid spread of these pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhizinic Acid Is pH-Dependent

Joos,

Vackier,

Mees

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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In recent years, antimicrobial hydrogels have attracted much attention in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and high water content. Glycyrrhizin (GA) is an antimicrobial that can form pH-dependent hydrogels due to the three carboxyl groups of GA that differ in pK a value. The influence of GA protonation on the antimicrobial activity, however, has never been studied before. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the pH on the antimicrobial activity of GA against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella aerogenes, and two strains of Escherichia coli. In general, the antimicrobial activity of GA increases as a function of decreasing pH (and thus increasing protonation of GA). More specifically, fully protonated GA hydrogels (pH = 3) are required for growth inhibition and killing of E. coli UTI89 and Klebsiella in the suspension above the hydrogel, while the staphylococci strains and A. baumannii are already inhibited by fully deprotonated GA (pH = 6.8). P. aeruginosa and E. coli DH5α showed moderate susceptibility, as they are completely inhibited by a hydrogel at pH 3.8, containing partly protonated GA, but not by fully deprotonated GA (pH = 6.8). The antimicrobial activity of the hydrogel cannot solely be attributed to the resulting pH decrease of the suspension, as the presence of GA significantly increases the activity. Instead, this increased activity is due to the release of GA from the hydrogel into the suspension, where it directly interacts with the bacteria. Moreover, we provide evidence indicating that the pH dependency of the antimicrobial activity is due to differences in GA protonation state by treating the pathogens with GA solutions differing in their GA protonation distribution. Finally, we show by LC−MS that there is no chemical or enzymatic breakdown of GA. Overall, our results demonstrate that the pH influences not only the physical but also the antimicrobial properties of the GA hydrogels.

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Facile Preparation of Organo-Modified ZnO/Attapulgite Nanocomposites Loaded with Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate via Mechanical Milling and Their Synergistic Antibacterial Effect

et al. 2022

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In this study, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) was introduced into cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified ZnO/attapulgite (APT) via a mechanical process to form performance-enhanced antibacterial nanocomposites (MAG/C–ZnO/APT). The APT supported ZnO nanocomposite (ZnO/APT) was prepared by a conventional precipitation method, and 20–50 nm of globular ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly decorated on APT nanorods. The FTIR and zeta potential analyses demonstrated that modification by CTAB facilitated the loading of MAG into ZnO/APT by H-bonding and electrostatic interactions. Antibacterial evaluation results indicate that MAG/C–ZnO/APT nanocomposites with CTAB and MAG doses of 2.5% and 0.25%, respectively, exhibited synergistically enhanced inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamases Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1, 0.1, 0.25, 5, 0.1, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively, which are better than those of ZnO/APT, C–ZnO/APT and MAG. Moreover, the nanocomposites had low cytotoxicity on human normal cell line L-O2. Therefore, this study provided a more effective strategy to extend the antibacterial spectrum and strengthen the inhibitory effects of antibiotic-free materials to address increasingly serious situations of microbial infection.

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In vitro Detection of Antibacterial Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticle against ESBL Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries

Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhizinic Acid Is pH-Dependent

Facile Preparation of Organo-Modified ZnO/Attapulgite Nanocomposites Loaded with Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate via Mechanical Milling and Their Synergistic Antibacterial Effect

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