In vitro detection of contact allergens: Development of an optimized protocol using human peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells

A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing

“…In the area of data collection and in silico approaches, metabolite identification and protein binding in cellbased assays should be addressed. Furthermore, re-record of past and present activity in this area (Adler et al, 2011;Aeby et al, 2010;Basketter and Maxwell, 2007;Basketter, 2008;Basketter and Kimber, 2011;Bauch et al, 2011;De Silva et al, 1995;dos Santos et al, 2009;Hartung et al, 2011;Kimber et al, 1999bKimber et al, , 2001Kimber et al, , 2010Kimber et al, , 2011Martin et al, 2010;Maxwell and Mackay, 2008;Patlewicz et al, 2007;Reuter et al, 2011;Ryan et al, 2005;Vandebriel and van Loveren, 2010). However, our intention here is not to provide yet another scholarly review article.…”

“…There is a need for a critical evaluation of the strengths and limitations of novel methods compared with existing in vivo models, even with their limitations. -For the evaluation and validation of new methods (of whatever type) there is a need to evaluate specificity, sensitivity, 2010), as well as a variety of cellular assays based on the use of cultured DC or DC-like cells (Aeby et al, 2010;Ashikaga et al, 2010;Reuter et al, 2011;Sakaguchi et al, 2006;Johansson et al, 2011). It would be interesting to evaluate, prospectively and with an unbiased set of chemicals, how such an expert panel (with access to QSAR models and data derived from selected in vitro tests) would fare compared with the LLNA or with human ACD.…”

Reporter cell lines for skin sensitization testing

“…After the early observation that CD86 is upregulated in dendritic cells upon treatment with sensitizers (Ashikaga et al 2002;Manome et al 1999), a large body of evidence has accumulated that this is a predictive marker in different cell lines and primary cells (Reuter et al 2011;Sakaguchi et al 2007). Next to CD86, also upregulation of CD54, CD80, CD83, among other markers, were evaluated, but overall, less consistent results were obtained (Azam et al 2006;Ryan et al 2004b), with best predictive value obtained for CD54 next to CD86 (Azam et al 2006).…”

A novel in vitro method for the detection and characterization of photosensitizers

“…In another study, we could demonstrate that the presence of 33% dead cells induced the unspecific upregulation of the CD86 expression [18]. These unspecific cytotoxic effects due to damaged and/or dead cells have to be excluded and we propose that data obtained with test concentrations inducing .20% cytotoxicity should not be considered for the determination of photoallergenicity.…”