In vitro determination of contact areas in the normal elbow joint of dogs

Preston, Chris A.; Schulz, Kurt S.; Kass, Philip H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1315

Cited by 71 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Associations between degree of cartilage generation and clinical outcome associated with high tibial osteotomy in humans have not been reliably documented. 31,34 The secondary changes recognized in medial gonioarthrosis of the human knee joint resemble in nature and extent the cartilage changes seen in MCD of the canine elbow and have been demonstrated to occur because of chronic overloading of the medial compartment [23][24][25] . Radioulnar step defects, humeroulnar incongruence, mechanical radioulnar-humeral varus deformity, or imbalances between skeletal and muscular mechanics may all contribute to medial compartment overload of the canine elbow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…23 There is a radial contact area located on the caudomedial aspect of the proximal radial articular surface with its longest dimension orientated mediolaterally; a 2nd contact area located on the medial aspect of the distal articular surface of the trochlear notch and extending to the lateral edge of the medial coronoid, and a 3rd contact area on the craniolateral surface of the proximal trochlear notch. 24 The force measurement between the humerus and the 2 bones of the antebrachium were significantly different with greater forces associated with the radius than the ulna, but the ratio of the mean force remained close to a 50:50 distribution regardless of applied load.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Techniques of Application and Initial Clinical Experience with Sliding Humeral Osteotomy for Treatment of Medial Compartment Disease of the Canine Elbow

Fitzpatrick¹,

Yeadon²,

Smith³

et al. 2009

Veterinary Surgery

109

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Objective-To determine medium-term clinical efficacy of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) for treatment of lameness and elbow pain associated with clinically diagnosed elbow disease featuring cartilage eburnation of the medial elbow compartment (medial compartment disease-MCD). Study Design-Case series. Animals-Dogs (n ¼ 49) with severe or persistent lameness attributable to MCD. Methods-Signalment, lameness history, and preoperative imaging findings were recorded. A custom, locking, stepped SHO plate was applied to the medial aspect of the humerus, stabilizing a middiaphyseal transverse osteotomy, medially translating the distal segment relative to the proximal segment. Three variants of technique of application were used and outcomes compared between respective patient groups. Outcome measures included lameness scoring, anatomic measures, VAS scoring of elbow pain, and owner assessment of function. Measures recorded preoperatively, 12, and 26 weeks postoperatively were compared. Results-Of 59 limbs that had SHO, 39 had preoperative focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process. Mean AE SD dog age was 45.5 AE 37.48 months and body weight ranged from 13.6 to 46.7 kg. Mean preoperative duration of lameness was 14.7 AE 18.50 months. Lameness improved for all limbs by 26 weeks, and resolved in 21/32 limbs. Significant improvements in postoperative elbow pain scores and most owner assessments of function were observed. Incidence of major complications requiring surgical intervention was 17.2%, 22.2%, and 4.8% for each of the 3 technique variants described. Histologic examination of 2 elbows at 412 months revealed fibrocartilage cover of medial aspect of humeral condyle. Conclusions-Canine SHO with or without focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process ameliorates lameness and pain associated with MCD at medium-term follow-up. Application technique is critical to minimizing morbidity. Clinical Relevance-SHO is appropriate for clinical management of pain and lameness in select cases of canine MCD. r

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques of Application and Initial Clinical Experience with Sliding Humeral Osteotomy for Treatment of Medial Compartment Disease of the Canine Elbow

Fitzpatrick¹,

Yeadon²,

Smith³

et al. 2009

Veterinary Surgery

109

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“…29 A freeze clamp was used to affix a wire cable directly to the triceps tendon to maintain the anatomic insertion and resist elbow joint flexion during loading. 17,19 One of the limitations of our model is the sustained static nature of the loading conditions during the curing of the casting agent. 30 Simulation of muscle contraction in vitro requires attachment of tensionproducing devices to musculotendinous units and knowledge of stimulation patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 A medial opening wedge osteotomy of the humerus may shift the load axis laterally in the joint, thereby transmitting more of the loads across the humeroradial joint, which is generally healthy in elbow dysplasia, and decreasing loads across the humeroulnar joint, where the major pathologic changes exist. It is likely, therefore, that substantial loads are transmitted through the medial portion of the humeral condyle to the medial coronoid process of the ulna.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of humeral osteotomy on joint surface contact in canine elbow joints

Fujita

Schulz

Mason

et al. 2003

ajvr

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“…Such an uneven pressure distribution could be caused by joint incongruity. For instance, it is known that the trochlear notch in humans is not fully congruent with the trochlea humeri (Soames, 1995), and this has also been morphologically substantiated in dogs (Preston et al, 2000(Preston et al, , 2001Collins et al, 2001). However, no measurements or mechanical models to estimate pressures are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage‐free areas in the elbow joint of young golden retrievers

2003

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The present study describes cartilage-free areas on the ulnar trochlear notch and the humeral condyle of eight very young golden retrievers with otherwise healthy elbow joints. Remarkably, the youngest dog with fullthickness cartilage-free areas was only 8 weeks old. The younger dogs showed no macroscopic abnormalities on the locations that were affected in the older dogs. Two kinds of cartilage modifications were found. Cartilagefree areas at the edges of the articular cartilage layer were present on the humeral capitulum and on two locations of the ulna, (the medial and lateral at the base of the anconeal process, and the trochlear notch near the lateral coronoid process, which was fractured in two cases). Histological examination showed that these cartilage-free areas were filled with dense supportive tissue. Synovial cells covered this tissue as well as the surrounding hyaline cartilage. The synovial membrane covering the areas was macroscopically enlarged, but histological examination revealed no signs of inflammation. The second type of modification consisted of discoloration of the articular surface at the humeral trochlea. Histological examination revealed that in this area the articular surface was composed of fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage. Apparently, there are locations within the elbow joint in which articular cartilage is not necessary for normal joint functioning. The presence of fibrocartilage on the articular surface of the humeral condyle is a surprising finding, for which no explanation has yet been found. Anat Rec Part A 275A: 990 -996, 2003.

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In vitro determination of contact areas in the normal elbow joint of dogs

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

Techniques of Application and Initial Clinical Experience with Sliding Humeral Osteotomy for Treatment of Medial Compartment Disease of the Canine Elbow

Techniques of Application and Initial Clinical Experience with Sliding Humeral Osteotomy for Treatment of Medial Compartment Disease of the Canine Elbow

Effect of humeral osteotomy on joint surface contact in canine elbow joints

Cartilage‐free areas in the elbow joint of young golden retrievers

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