In Vitro Differential Sensitivity of Pencillium Italicum Causing Postharvest Rot to Citrus Fruits in Jordan to Chemical Fungicides and Their Combinations

Abstract

Abstract:In this study we evaluated "in vitro" the efficacy of six chemical fungicides and their mixtures as a strategy for the control of Penicillium italicum. The antifungal efficacy against four P. italicum isolates of thirty-one concentrations (0.01-3000 µg/ml) of each of the tested fungicides (Vydan, Blin exa, Canvil, Ranvil, Benomyl and Topsin M), in addition to six combined concentrations from each of ten fungicide mixtures were tested using agar well diffusion method. Regression analysis, one way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Multiple comparisons were carried out to test the significance of these treatments. Our results showed that benomyl completely inhibited the growth of tested isolates (Pi.1; Pi.3; Pi.5; and Pi.6) with MIC values of: 1000; 300; 150 and 40 µg/ml respectively. Canvil as compared to Blin exa, Ranvil and Vydan (no complete inhibition) showed high efficacy against isolates Pi.1 and Pi.5 (MIC values of 5 and 25 µg/ml respectively). The mixtures of Blin exa/Vydan and Topsin M/Canvil were the only mixtures that generated synergistic effects against tested isolates at all tested concentrations. The above mentioned mixtures showed at the first four tested combined concentrations (50:50, 100:100, 100:500 and 500:1000 µg/ml) either the largest inhibition zones (in the range of 47±1.40 mm to 51±1.49 mm) or complete inhibition of fungal growth at the last two (1000:1000 and 1000:2000 µg/ml) combined concentrations. The mixtures of Blin exa/Canvil and Blin exa/Ranvil as compared to the effect of each as singles showed additive effects against tested isolates. The mixtures of Benomyl/Vydan; Benomyl/Ranvil; Benomyl/Blin exa; Topsin/Vydan and Topsin/Blin exa (i.e. mixture of benzimidazole and DMI members)all generated antagonistic effects against tested isolates.

Comparative study between fungicides and some chemical inducers for controlling root rot incidence of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions

“…al., 2004). Moreover, the use of Topsin M70 as a foliar spray was effective against various plant diseases, such as citrus mold caused by Penicillium italicum Wehmer (Kanan and Al-Najar, 2009), Fusarium mangiferae Kanan and Al-Najar, 2009), Fusarium mangiferae Britz, Wingfield & Marasas on mango (Iqbal et al, 2010), Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary the causal agent of tomato late blight (Meya et al, 2014), faba bean chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae Sardina (Moustafa et al, 2015), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.)…”