In vitro DNA binding profile of enantiomeric dinuclear Cu(II)/Ni(II) complexes derived from l–/d–histidine–terepthaldehyde reduced Schiff base as potential chemotherapeutic agents

Structural-Dependent N,O-Donor Imine-Appended Cu(II)/Zn(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral, and in Vitro Pharmacological Assessment

“…8,48 The increased fluorescence intensity of EB gets markedly quenched upon addition of another molecule either by the displacement of the EB or by acquiring the excited-state electron of EB through a photoelectron-transfer mechanism. 45 Therefore, an EB displacement technique provides a collateral evidence for the modes of DNA binding. 16 In Figure 8, the increased concentration of complexes to DNA-bound EB did not exhibit any change on the fluorescence intensity.…”

“…DNA binding analysis is considered to be one of the most crucial factors to examine the feasibility of a number of anticancer drugs as it is the vital transporter of genetic data related to the most cancers occurring via DNA damage. 45 The binding of metal to DNA could occur by two processes: either via covalent bonding in which the nitrogen base of DNA replaces the labile metal ion or by noncovalent interactions (electrostatic, intercalative, or groove binding of complexes to DNA helix). 43 Therefore, the interaction of drug−DNA is vital for the coherent designing and development of new DNAtargeted drugs.…”

“…This optimal minor groove binding facilitates the formation of the least sterically hindered conformation of complex 1 with the DNA. 45 The resulting docked pose gives the value of binding −239.06 kJ/mol, which further substantiates the potential binding propensity of [(L 1 ) 2 Cu] complex with DNA. The more the negative value of binding energy, the better the binding tendency of the complex will be.…”

“…In order to get further insight about the interaction mode of complexes with the CT-DNA, a fluorescence titration experiment was carried out (450–700 nm) taking ethidium bromide (EB) as a fluorescent probe. EB is a measure of intercalation, which can readily form soluble complexes with nucleic acid that emits enhanced fluorescence owing to the intercalation among adjacent base pairs on the double helix of DNA. , The increased fluorescence intensity of EB gets markedly quenched upon addition of another molecule either by the displacement of the EB or by acquiring the excited-state electron of EB through a photoelectron-transfer mechanism . Therefore, an EB displacement technique provides a collateral evidence for the modes of DNA binding .…”

“…The computer-aided molecular modeling techniques give the chiral preference as well as energetically most stable conformation of the docked molecule [(L 1 ) 2 Cu] , which fits perfectly in the G–C region of the minor groove DNA target. This optimal minor groove binding facilitates the formation of the least sterically hindered conformation of complex 1 with the DNA . The resulting docked pose gives the value of binding −239.06 kJ/mol, which further substantiates the potential binding propensity of [(L 1 ) 2 Cu] complex with DNA.…”