In Vitro Effects of Bupivacaine on the Viability and Mechanics of Native and Engineered Cartilage Grafts

Oyadomari, Sarah; Brown, Wendy E.; Kwon, Heenam; Otarola, Gaston A.; Link, Jarrett M.; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.; Wang, Dean

doi:10.1177/0363546521995184

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(75 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have historically shown that bupivacaine and other local anesthetics are chondrotoxic, both with increasing dosage and time of exposure. 2,4,19 Although there Figure 3. Mass spectrometry results for collagen content (using OHP as a proxy) and collagen crosslinking (using pyridinoline as a proxy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 The short-term study performed by Oyadomari and colleagues found no effect of bupivacaine exposure on compressive mechanical properties 24 hours after exposure. 2 It was hypothesized that a longer incubation period could allow damage from bupivacaine exposure to extend to the compressive properties of explants. However, that was not seen in this study and suggests that either such effects may occur earlier than 3 weeks and be transient, these hypothetical decreases need longer than 3 weeks to appear, or single bupivacaine exposure may not affect the compressive properties at all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In another investigation, single bupivacaine exposure reduced the viability and weakened the mechanical properties of engineered neocartilage grafts at 24 hours. 2 However, while the viability of mature cartilage explants was also reduced at 24 hours, the mechanical properties were not affected. It is postulated that a decrease in chondrocyte viability will lead to decreased production of collagen and other matrix proteins, eventually weakening the mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In vitro studies have shown that a 1-hour 0.50% bupivacaine exposure reduced the viability of cartilage explants to 16% to 65% 24 hours after exposure. 1,2 In a dog model, 30 minutes of exposure to a 0.50% bupivacaine solution led to 53.8% chondrocyte death versus 20% chondrocyte death in control samples exposed only to chondrogenic medium. 3 In a systematic review examining the effects of bupivacaine on human cartilage or chondrocytes, 13 out of 14 studies found it to be chondrotoxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Longer-Term Effects of a Single Bupivacaine Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Native Cartilage Explants

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of a single exposure of bupivacaine on the mechanical properties of bovine cartilage explants at 3 weeks. Design Femoral condyle articular cartilage explants were aseptically harvested from juvenile bovine stifle joints before being exposed to chondrogenic medium containing 0.50% (wt/vol) bupivacaine, 0.25% (wt/vol) bupivacaine, or no medication (control) for 1 hour. Explants were then washed and maintained in culture in vitro for 3 weeks before testing. Cell viability, tensile and compressive mechanical properties, histological properties, and biochemical properties were then assessed. Results Explants exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in mean tensile Young’s modulus with increasing bupivacaine concentration (9.86 MPa in the controls, 6.48 MPa in the 0.25% bupivacaine group [ P = 0.048], and 4.72 MPa in the 0.50% bupivacaine group [ P = 0.005]). Consistent with these results, collagen content and collagen crosslinking decreased with bupivacaine exposure as measured by mass spectrometry. Compressive properties of the explants were unaffected by bupivacaine exposure. Explants also exhibited a trend toward dose-dependent decreases in viability (51.2% for the controls, 47.3% for the 0.25% bupivacaine-exposed group, and 37.0% for the 0.50% bupivacaine-exposed group [ P = 0.072]). Conclusions Three weeks after 1-hour bupivacaine exposure, the tensile properties of bovine cartilage explants were significantly decreased, while the compressive properties remained unaffected. These decreases in tensile properties corresponded with reductions in collagen content and crosslinking of collagen fibers. Physicians should be judicious regarding the intra-articular administration of bupivacaine in native joints.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Longer-Term Effects of a Single Bupivacaine Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Native Cartilage Explants

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The collagen and GAG content were normalized to WW and DW. 4,18 Creep Indentation Testing A creep indentation apparatus machine was used to assess the viscoelastic compressive properties of explants that had been frozen for 2 weeks in protease inhibitor. 1 ImageJ was used to measure the thickness of the specimens by graphically scaling the thickness of the sample to a ruler underneath the sample.…”

Section: Quantitative Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrimental Effects of Chlorhexidine on Articular Cartilage Viability, Matrix, and Mechanics

Moslehyazdi,

Bielajew,

Schlechter

et al. 2024

Am J Sports Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution is commonly used as an antiseptic irrigation for bacterial decontamination during orthopaedic surgery. Although the chondrotoxicity of CHG on articular cartilage has been reported, the full extent of CHG-related chondrotoxicity and its effects on the extracellular matrix and mechanical properties are unknown. Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of a single 1-minute CHG exposure on the viability, biochemical content, and mechanics of native articular cartilage explants. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Articular cartilage explants (6 per group) were harvested from femoral condyles of the porcine stifle and sectioned at tidemark. Explants were bathed in CHG solution (0.05% CHG in sterile water) at varying concentrations (0% control, 0.01% CHG, and 0.05% CHG) for 1 minute, followed by complete phosphate-buffered saline wash and culture in chondrogenic medium. At 7 days after CHG exposure, cell viability, matrix content (collagen and glycosaminoglycan [GAG]), and compressive mechanical properties (creep indentation testing) were assessed. Results: One-minute CHG exposure was chondrotoxic to explants, with both 0.05% CHG (2.6% ± 4.1%) and 0.01% CHG (76.3% ± 8.6%) causing a decrease in chondrocyte viability compared with controls (97.5% ± 0.6%; P < .001 for both). CHG exposure at either concentration had no significant effect on collagen content, while 0.05% CHG exposure led to a significant decrease in mean GAG per wet weight compared with the control group (2.6% ± 1.7% vs 5.2% ± 1.9%; P = .029). There was a corresponding weakening of mechanical properties in explants treated with 0.05% CHG compared with controls, with decreases in mean aggregate modulus (177.8 ± 90.1 kPa vs 280.8 ± 19.8 kPa; P < .029) and shear modulus (102.6 ± 56.5 kPa vs 167.9 ± 16.2 kPa; P < .020). Conclusion: One-minute exposure to CHG for articular cartilage explants led to dose-dependent decreases in chondrocyte viability, GAG content, and compressive mechanical properties. This raises concern for the risk of mechanical failure of the cartilage tissue after CHG exposure. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be judicious regarding the use of CHG irrigation at these concentrations in the presence of native articular cartilage.

show abstract

In Vitro Effects of Triamcinolone and Methylprednisolone on the Viability and Mechanics of Native Articular Cartilage

Fackler,

Yareli-Salinas,

Callan

et al. 2023

Am J Sports Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The chondrotoxic effects of methylprednisolone acetate (MP) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) have been well described. However, the mechanical effects of these commonly used steroids on native cartilage are largely unknown. Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of a single 1-hour MP or TA exposure on the viability, mechanics, and biochemical content of native articular cartilage explants. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Articular cartilage explants (n = 6 per group) were harvested from the femoral condyles of bovine stifles. Explants were exposed to chondrogenic medium containing a clinical dose of MP or TA for 1 hour, followed by fresh medium wash and exchange. Explants in the control group underwent the same treatment with chondrogenic medium alone. At 24 hours after treatment, samples were assessed for viability (live/dead), mechanical properties (creep indentation and Instron tensile testing), biochemical (collagen and glycosaminoglycan) content, and pyridinoline crosslinking via mass spectrometry. Results: Mean cell viability was significantly decreased in native explants exposed to MP (35.5%) compared with the control (49.8%; P < .001) and TA (45.7%; P = .01) specimens. Significant decreases were seen in the mechanical properties of steroid-treated native explants when compared with controls, with decreases in aggregate modulus (646.3 vs 312.8 kPa [MP] and 257.0 kPa [TA]; P < .001), shear modulus (370.1 vs 191.2 kPa [MP] and 157.4 kPa [TA]; P < .001), and ultimate tensile strength (9.650 vs 5.648 MPa [MP; P = .021] and 6.065 MPa [TA; P = .0403]). No significant differences in collagen and glycosaminoglycan content were found in the steroid-treated groups. Pyridinoline crosslinking was significantly decreased in explants exposed to TA compared with controls ( P = .027). Conclusion: Exposure of MP to articular cartilage explants was chondrotoxic, and exposure of articular cartilage explants to MP or TA resulted in significant decreases in mechanical properties of articular cartilage explants compared with controls. Clinicians should be judicious regarding use of intra-articular steroids, particularly in patients with intact healthy articular cartilage.

show abstract

In Vitro Effects of Bupivacaine on the Viability and Mechanics of Native and Engineered Cartilage Grafts

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

The Longer-Term Effects of a Single Bupivacaine Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Native Cartilage Explants

The Longer-Term Effects of a Single Bupivacaine Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Native Cartilage Explants

Detrimental Effects of Chlorhexidine on Articular Cartilage Viability, Matrix, and Mechanics

In Vitro Effects of Triamcinolone and Methylprednisolone on the Viability and Mechanics of Native Articular Cartilage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About