In Vitro Effects of Metalaxyl on Growth, Sporulation, and Germination of<i>Phytophthora parasitica</i>and<i>P. citrophthora</i>

Farih, A.

doi:10.1094/pd-65-651

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Among the compounds tested, the mycelial growth and the sporangia production of P. litchii was more sensitive to DMM and MTL than to AZB, FMD and MCB, while CYX was significantly less effective. Corresponding findings have been previously reported for these compounds in other peronosporomycetes (Farih et al., 1981; Kuhn et al., 1991; Cohen et al., 1995; Matheron and Porchas, 2000). If such inhibitory effects on mycelial growth are also present within treated plant tissue depends on the systemicity and stability of the compounds in the plant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Wang

Sun

et al. 2009

Journal of Phytopathology

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Litchi downy blight caused by Peronophythora litchii is one of the most destructive diseases suffered by litchi in China. This study has evaluated the activities of the fungicides dimethomorph (DMM), azoxystrobin (AZB), famoxadone (FMD), metalaxyl (MTL), cymoxanil (CYX) and mancozeb (MCB) on the mycelial growth, sporulation, zoospores release, and germination of sporangia as well as of cystospores of P. litchii. Dimethomorph and MTL inhibited mycelial growth more effectively than the other fungicides tested. Mycelial growth was affected less by MCB, and only weakly by AZB, FMD and CYX. Sporangia production was more strongly reduced by DMM and MTL than by AZB, FMD, CYX or MCB. Zoospore release from the sporangia was most sensitive to AZB and FMD, less sensitive to MCB and insensitive to DMM, MTL and CYX. Direct germination of sporangia of P. litchii was the most strongly inhibited by AZB and FMD, followed by DMM and MCB, whilst the sensitivity of this life stage to MTL and CYX was relatively low. Germination of encysted zoospores of P. litchii was the most sensitive to AZB and FMD, followed by DMM. Mancozeb was moderately active, while MTL and CYX did not inhibit this development stage. This is the first report on the in vitro response of the litchi pathogen, P. litchii, to fungicides. These findings can be valuable tools in setting up efficient disease management programmes to control litchi downy blight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Wang

Sun

et al. 2009

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Cleopatra mandarin seedlings were raised from seed in planter flats in a greenhouse with 14-h photoperiod. The growing medium used was Promix (peat, perlite, and vermiculite 3: 3 . Plants were watered as needed and fertilized with 1% Nutrileaf (20 N:20 P 2 0 5 : 20 K 2 Q) 4 temperatures were 26 and 24 C ± 1, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that a population of 15 to 20 propagules of Phytophthora parasitica per g of rhizosphere soil can reduce citrus yield by 20% (7). The systemic fungicide, metalaxyl, can control Phytophthora root rot or foot rot in citrus trees when applied* as a soil drench, a stem paint, or foliar sprays (1,2,3,9,11). In young citrus trees, it is usually applied as a drench or ring treatment with soilapplied herbicides to save time, labor, and energy, and to reduce soil compaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalaxyl Toxicity to Citrus with or without Herbicides

Singh

Mersie

1993

Weed technol.

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The response of potted ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin citrus seedlings to metalaxyl applied as a mixture with metolachlor, simazine, or bromacil, or as a sequential application after the herbicides was investigated under screen house conditions. The soils were drenched with herbicides at 2.5 ppmw (mg kg−1 soil dry wt basis) in tank-mixes with metalaxyl or metalaxyl was applied as a soil drench at 5, 50, and 250 ppmw 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after herbicide application. Citrus seedling response to treatment was dependent on the presence or absence of herbicide, metalaxyl concentration, and the time following application. Fresh weights of citrus treated with 5 ppmw metalaxyl after herbicide application were no different from those treated with the mixture. Metalaxyl at 5 and 50 ppmw alone or with metolachlor did not affect citrus seedling fresh weight. However, delaying metalaxyl application at 50 ppmw by 3 or 4 wk after simazine and bromacil increased citrus seedling fresh weight as compared with the tank-mix. Separate applications of metalaxyl at 250 ppm reduced citrus seedling fresh weight less than the mixture for all the herbicides.

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“…There are three types of these fungicides commercially available, namely carbamates, acylanilides and alkyl phosphonates (Cohen & Coffey, 1986). A number of experiments using metalaxyl (Farih et al, 1981;Chitzanidis & Lascaris, 1981;Cohen, 1981Cohen, , 1982, and fosetyl-A1 (Gaulliard & Pelossier, 1983;Gutter, 1983;Cohen et al, 1987; have shown good prospects, in recent years, for the control of brown rot of citrus fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of phytophthora brown rot of citrus fruits¹

Tuset

Portilla

1990

EPPO Bulletin

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Control of brown rot of citrus fruits, using the new anti‐oomycete systemic fungicides, has been studied in the field and in packing houses under the climate conditions of Spain. In the field, in rainy weather and at the stage of colour‐break of the fruits, both with artificial inoculation and with natural infection by Phytophthora citrophthora, a single treatment with fosetyl‐A1 at 0.4% a.i. as a foliar spray provided good control of the disease. The highest fungitoxic effects were reached 14–21 days after treatment. Copper oxychloride + mancozeb at 0.3% a.i. showed moderate efficiency. In semi‐commercial experiments in the packing house and in the laboratory, fosetyl‐A1 at 0.3% a.i. strongly controlled infection with zoospores located in different layers of the fruit peel (flavedo or albedo). Fosetyl‐A1 also developed good efficacy in healthy fruits, protecting them from infection by contact. Metalaxyl at.0.2% a.i. also reduced infection by zoospores and contact. Oxadixyl, propamocarb and folpet (reference product) had poor activity against the brown rot fungus. All these data strongly support the value of fosetyl‐A1 for control of brown rot disease of citrus fruit in the field and in the packing house as a post‐harvest treatment. Metalaxyl may also be utilized for this purpose.

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In Vitro Effects of Metalaxyl on Growth, Sporulation, and Germination ofPhytophthora parasiticaandP. citrophthora

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Metalaxyl Toxicity to Citrus with or without Herbicides

Control of phytophthora brown rot of citrus fruits¹

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In Vitro Effects of Metalaxyl on Growth, Sporulation, and Germination ofPhytophthora parasiticaandP. citrophthora

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Fungicide Effectiveness during the Various Developmental Stages of Peronophythora litchii In Vitro

Metalaxyl Toxicity to Citrus with or without Herbicides

Control of phytophthora brown rot of citrus fruits1

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Control of phytophthora brown rot of citrus fruits¹