In vitro effects of petroleum refinery wastewater on dehydrogenase activity in marine bacterial strains

Abstract

Toxicity of oil refinery effluent on four bacteria strains isolated from refinery effluent impacted river water sample was assessed via dehydrogenase assay. Pure cultures of the bacterial strains were exposed to various effluent concentrations [12.5-100% (v/v)] in a nutrient broth amended with glucose and TTC. The response of the bacterial strains to refinery effluent is concentration-dependent. At 12.5% (v/v), the effluent stimulated dehydrogenase activity in Streptococcus sp. RW3 and Pseudomonas sp. RW4. In all strains, dehydrogenase activity was progressively inhibited at concentrations greater than 12.5% (v/v). The IC 50 ranges from 25.46 ± 4.75 to 31.30 ± 2.63% (v/v). The result of the in vitro study indicated that the bacterial strains are sensitive to oil refinery raw wastewater stress. Therefore, the improperly treated effluent when discharged would pose serious threat to the metabolism of the bacterial strains in natural environments.

Green Technology for Crude Oil Processed Water Treatment: A Practical Approach for Nigeria Petroleum Industry

“…Accordingly, organic contaminants are classified as toxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic [19]. The toxicity of petroleum wastewater depends on several factors including quantity, volume, and variability of discharge [20]. Thus, the effects of produced water on the environment cannot be overemphasized.…”

Virtual industrial water usage and wastewater generation in the Middle East and North Africa 2011–2015

“…The effluent from crude oil production contains a complex mixture of inorganic compounds (silt, salts, scale salts, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials, and metals) and organic compounds (heavy or light crude oils, and acid gases) (AlAnezi et al 2012); the effluent from refineries contains high concentrations of toxic derivatives (oil and grease, phenols, sulfides, cyanides, suspended solids, and nitrogen compounds, as well as heavy metals such as iron, copper, selenium, zinc, molybdenum, etc.) (Nwanyanwu and Abu 2010); and the acidic dark-colored effluent from olive oil mills contains phytotoxic and biotoxic substances (Niaounakis and Halvadakis 2006).…”

“…The ineffectiveness of refinery wastewater treatment causes these effluents to become dangerous and leads to the accumulation of toxic compounds in the receiving water bodies, which has potentially serious consequences for the ecosystem (Nwanyanwu and Abu 2010). This is most likely the case for the refineries in the MENA region.…”

Statistical models for biphasic dose-response relationships (hormesis) in toxicological studies

“…This phenomenon termed 'hormesis' has been observed with all groups of living things for a wide range of endpoints. Hormesis is induced by physical and chemical stressors including phenolic compounds (Boyd et al, 1997;Sinclair et al 1999;Okolo et al 2007;Zaki et al, 2008;Nweke & Okpokwasili, 2010 a, b;Nweke et al, 2014Nweke et al, , 2015, perfluorinated carboxylic acids (Mulkiewicz et al, 2007), mycotoxins (Li et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014), bacteriocins (Murado & Vázquez, 2010), antibiotics (Welch et al, 1946;Randall et al, 1947, Linares et al, 2006Migliore et al, 2010Migliore et al, , 2013, herbicides (Cedergreen 2008a,b;Cedergreen et al, 2009;Belz & Cedergreen, 2010;Cedergreen & Olesen, 2010;Belz et al, 2011;Belz & Leberle, 2012;Nweke et al, 2016), Wastewater (Hoffmann & Christofi, 2001;Nwanyanwu & Abu 2010), heavy metals (Christofi et al, 2002;Rodea-Palomares et al, 2009;Shen et al, 2009) and ionic liquids (Cho et al, 2007; either as individual or as mixtures. Hormesis was commonly observed in the toxicity test on luminescent bacteria (Christofi et al, 2002;Brack et al, 2003;Fulladosa et al, 2005;Deng et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013).…”