In vitro effects of steroidal saponins fromYucca schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation

Wang, Yuxi; McAllister, T. A.; Yanke, L. J.; Xu, Z.; Cheeke, P. R.; Cheng, K.-J.

doi:10.1002/1097-0010(200011)80:14<2114::aid-jsfa755>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 119 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The experiments were conducted in 125-mL serum vials using procedures described by Wang et al (2000). In each vial (20 per treatment, comprising quadruplicates for each of five time points including 0 h), 40 mL of inoculum was added to 300 mg of substrate, together with the DFM.…”

Section: In Vitro Experimentssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

Baah¹,

Wang²,

McAllister³

2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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(1 DM of substrate. Total in vitro volatile fatty acids (VFA) production increased at 6 and 12 h of incubation (PB0.01; linear response) when the backgrounding diet was supplemented with DFM. Dry matter digestibility and VFA production also increased (PB0.05) during a 12-h fermentation of the finishing diet. Steers were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments that comprised feeding DFM to provide 0 (control), 4 )10 7 , 8)10 7 or 12 )10 7 CFU kg (1 diet DM. Average daily gain (ADG, kg) and feed efficiency (G:F; kg gain kg(1 DM consumed) of steers improved (P00.002 and 0.001, respectively) as a result of feeding DFM during the backgrounding period, but not during the finishing period. Saleable meat and rib eye area decreased (P 00.038, linear; and P00.041, quadratic) with DFM supplementation. The results indicated that supplementing barley-grain/barley-silage-based feedlot cattle diets with 12 )10 7 CFU of the mixed culture of lactobacilli used in these studies could improve ruminal fermentation, ADG and G:F in backgrounding feedlot steers. However, supplementation during the finishing period may not be warranted in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics. Differences in the microbial ecology of the intestinal tract as a result of differences in diet composition may account for the varied response between the backgrounding and finishing periods.

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Section: In Vitro Experimentssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Microbial protein in the residues was estimated by the method described by Wang et al (2006). Analysis of VFA was conducted with gas chromatography using methods described by Wang et al (2000).…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

Baah¹,

Wang²,

McAllister³

2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Liu et al (2003) showed an increase in microbial protein synthesis in the presence of tea saponins in an in vitro fermentation. However, Wang et al (2000a) showed that microbial protein synthesis Effects and applications of phytochemicals increased at a low level of yucca saponin (15 mg/ml) but decreased at higher concentrations (75 mg/ml). Other in vitro studies using the RUSITEC system did not show any significant effect of yucca saponin (100 mg sarsaponin/kg feed) (Ś liwiń ski et al, 2002a and 2002b) or of sapindus saponins (Hess et al, 2003a) on microbial protein synthesis.…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

378

214

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Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.

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“…where APE in residue nitrogen (RN) is the per cent excess of 15 N in the solid residue, APE in MN is the per cent excess of 15 N in the microbial fraction of the effluent and RN is the total N in the residues (in mg; Wang et al, 2000). Total daily MN production (mg/day) was calculated as the sum of microbial production in the effluent, FPA, FPB of silage residues and FPB of concentrate residues.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fibrolytic enzymes added to a Andropogon gayanus grass silage-concentrate diet on rumen fermentation in batch cultures and the artificial rumen (Rusitec)

Ribeiro

Gonçalves

Pereira

et al. 2015

Animal

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In vitro batch cultures were used to screen four fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at two dosages added to a 60 : 40 silage : concentrate diet containing the C 4 tropical grass Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at two maturities -vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Based on these studies, one enzyme mixture was selected to treat the same diets and evaluate its impact on fermentation using an artificial rumen (Rusitec). In vitro batch cultures were conducted as a completely randomized design with two runs, four replicates per run and 12 treatments in a factorial arrangement (four enzyme mixtures × three doses). Enzyme additives (E1, E2, E3 and E4) were commercial products and contained a range of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase activities. Enzymes were added to the complete diet 2 h before incubation at 0, 2 and 4 μl/g of dry matter (DM). Gas production (GP) was measured after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation. Disappearance of DM (DMD), NDF (NDFD) and ADF (ADFD) were determined after 24 and 48 h. For all four enzyme mixtures, a dosage effect (P < 0.05) was observed for NDFD and ADFD after 24 h and for DMD, NDFD and ADFD after 48 h of incubation of the VS diet. For the FS diet, a dosage effect was observed for GP and NDFD after 24 h and for GP, DMD, NDFD and ADFD after 48 h of incubation. There was no difference among enzyme mixtures nor was there an enzyme × dose interaction for the studied parameters. Because of the greatest numerical effect on NDF disappearance and the least cost price, enzyme mixture E2 at 4 µl/g of diet DM was selected for the Rusitec experiment. The enzyme did not impact (P > 0.05) DM, N, NDF or ADF disappearance after 48 h of incubation nor daily ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids or CH 4 production. However, enzyme application increased (P < 0.05) microbial N production in feed particle-associated (loosely-associated) and silage feed particle-bound (firmly associated) fractions. With A. gayanus silage diets, degradation may not be limited by microbial colonization, but rather by the ability of fibrolytic enzymes to degrade plant cell walls within this recalcitrant forage.

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In vitro effects of steroidal saponins fromYucca schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation

Cited by 119 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Effect of fibrolytic enzymes added to a Andropogon gayanus grass silage-concentrate diet on rumen fermentation in batch cultures and the artificial rumen (Rusitec)

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