In vitro electrochemical detection of the degradation of amyloid-β oligomers

SAM-Support-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Aβ Biomarker Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…The signal is received by the detector of the analyzer, e.g., voltammetry analyzer, impedance analyzer, and so on. Changes in the analyte concentration usually induce a change in the responsive electrical current, allowing for the establishment of a calibration plot between the target concentration and signal intensity [ 20 , 53 , 63 ], from which the analyte concentration can be determined by extrapolation by applying a mathematical algorithm. Based on the manner that the signal was collected in, diverse techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) [ 42 , 75 ], amperometry [ 73 , 76 ], electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [ 77 , 78 ], differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) [ 74 , 79 ], and square wave voltammetry (SWV) [ 80 , 81 ] were used.…”

“…Research on the detection of AβO has taken diverse approaches, such as conventional [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], optical [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], electrochemical [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and electroluminescent methods [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], and quartz crystal microbalance [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Among these, conventional detection methods utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 13 , 14 , 29 ], near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) [ 16 , 30 , 31 ], and positron emission tomography (PET) [ 11 , 12 , 32 , 33 ], which are time-consuming, have low spatial resolution [ 34 ], and are also expensive as well as cause side effects such as vomiting, flushing, itching, headache, and nausea [ 4 ].…”

“…Research on the detection of AβO has taken diverse approaches, such as conventional [11][12][13][14], optical [15][16][17][18], electrochemical [19][20][21], and electroluminescent methods [22][23][24][25], and quartz crystal microbalance [26][27][28]. Among these, conventional detection methods utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [13,14,29], near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) Research on the detection of AβO has taken diverse approaches, such as conventional [11][12][13][14], optical [15][16][17][18], electrochemical [19][20][21], and electroluminescent methods [22][23][24][25], and quartz crystal microbalance [26][27][28]. Among these, conventional detection methods utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [13,14,29], near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) [16,30,31], and positron emission tomogr...…”

DNA Nanocage-Assisted Size-Selective Recognition and Quantification toward Low-Mass Soluble β-Amyloid Oligomers

“…2 Numerous reports have highlighted that low-mass soluble β-amyloid peptide oligomers (LSAβOs), rather than fibrils, are more toxic and play a pivotal role in neuron injury and synapse loss. 3,4 Therefore, accurate identification of LSAβOs in biofluids is crucial for understanding the pathology and diagnosing AD. LSAβOs consist of various dynamically interconverting species with differences in size, structure, and toxicity.…”

“…The major component of these senile plaques is amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which aggregates from monomers to small oligomers and eventually forms fibrils . Numerous reports have highlighted that low-mass soluble β-amyloid peptide oligomers (LSAβOs), rather than fibrils, are more toxic and play a pivotal role in neuron injury and synapse loss. , Therefore, accurate identification of LSAβOs in biofluids is crucial for understanding the pathology and diagnosing AD. LSAβOs consist of various dynamically interconverting species with differences in size, structure, and toxicity. ,− Although most of them have similar amyloid structures (antiparallel β-sheet structure), they exhibit significant variations in size, ranging from 3 to 4 nm to 10–20 nm in diameter. − Additionally, LSAβOs are low in abundance in cerebrospinal fluid (at the nM-pM level) and much lower in peripheral blood, , rendering traditional high-throughput blood screening methods with detection limits at μM or nM levels inapplicable.…”