In vitro estimation of superfluid critical extracts of some plants for their antimicrobial potential, phytochemistry, and GC–MS analyses

Abstract

Background Along with swift economic evolution and continuous amelioration of lifestyle, people at present are paying more attention to health issues. Synthetic drugs will be compensated with other natural ones that belong to natural origin. Plants have always been considered as sources of several compounds that are used in many fields, especially human and animal health, starting from boosting immunity to the treatment of infectious diseases caused by some pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi as well as viruses. This study aimed to incorporate some types of plants within the antimicrobial portfolio through the examination of different six plants which were Cichorium intybus , Cinnamomum camphora , Commiphora myrrha , Foeniculum vulgare , Nerium oleander , and Spartium junceum . As well, attempting to identify the active constituents of their extracts using GC–MS. Materials and methods All selected plants were analyzed to determine their phytochemical composition such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so on. The extraction step was done by sophisticated equipment called supercritical fluid extractor SFE through adjustment of specific conditions include temperature, time, flow rate and pressure to change the behavior of CO 2 . Testing the antimicrobial activity of each plant extract via agar well diffusion method through the formation of clear zones against a wide range of test microorganisms including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts. Finally, attempting to primarily identify the constituents of each plant extract using GC–MS. Results and discussion The crude extract of F. vulgare showed the highest potency against C. albicans , E. faecalis and S. typhimurium , it contains some unique compounds such as squalene, eugenol and isoeugenol while, Extract of C. intybus showed a moderate activity especially against C. lipolytica and MRSA and it includes Vitamin A like compound which indicates antioxidant property. Conclusion Conclusively, fennel gave a promising result as a good wide spectrum antimicrobial agent because it contains some compounds act as antimicrobial agents such as eugenol which was used as food preservatives in addition to squalene which acts as an antioxidant and antimycotic agent so, it will be useful especially while it was used in highly purified form excluding all undesirable subcomponents.

Comparison of therapy with β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations or carbapenems for bacteraemia of nonurinary source caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…In China, E. coli is the predominant ESBL producer, and the antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme showed that the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli increased from 38.9% in 2005 to 55.8% in 2014, while that of K. pneumoniae has declined (decreased from 39.1 to 29.9%), but it is still maintained at a high level [ 23 ]. The high prevalence of ESBL among Enterobacteriaceae mostly due to overuse of antibiotic, non-adjusted course of the drug or uncompleted dosage and inappropriate antibiotic administration [ 24 ]. On the other hand, BLICs and carbapenems are the most common agents used in patients with severe infections caused by ESBLs producers [ 9 , 25 ].…”

Isolation, identification, and statistical optimization of a psychrotolerant Mucor racemosus for sustainable lipid production

“…The lower layer which contains fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) was separated with chloroform, and the final FAMEs product was obtained by evaporating chloroform from the solution. FAMEs were analyzed by GC-MS [37,40].…”

“…Second stage includes testing effect of five factors on lipid production to reach optimum conditions of M. racemosus AH1 for lipid production. Table 1 shows different factors and their levels for lipid production, where factors include temperature (15,20,25,30, and 35 °C), initial pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), incubation time (8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 days), different concentrations of soluble starch (10,20,30,40, and 50 gL −1 ), and different concentrations of yeast extract (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 gL −1 ). Table 2 illustrates L25 array of Taguchi design which contains different factors and their levels to produce high quantities of lipids by M. racemosus AH1.…”

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from clinical and colorectal specimens

“…Moreover, the number of multidrug-resistant B. fragilis isolates has increased over the last decade [ 17 – 19 ]. Improper and excessive use of antibiotics without a doctor’s supervision are the reason for promotes bacterial resistance [ 20 ].…”