In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala Fruit Extract

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex global public health condition. Medicinal plants are significant resources in the research of alternative new drug active compounds. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala (C. nervosum) is an indigenous berry fruit widely grown in Southeast Asia. The fruit of C. nervosum exhibit various medicinal properties and health benefits. This study aimed to investigate antidiabetic properties of C. nervosum fruit extract by in vitro assays and in vitro models. C. nervosum fruit extracted using three different solvents (hexane, ethanol, and distilled water) were tested for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, followed by glucose uptake in HepG2 and L6 myoblasts. Lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells treated with C. nervosum fruit extracts was then examined. The results revealed that ethanolic extract of C. nervosum fruit showed better inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 of 0.42 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 of 0.23 μg/mL) compared with other extracts. Furthermore, ethanolic extract showed higher glucose uptake potential than the standard antidiabetic drug, metformin, in HepG2 cells. The ethanolic extracts resulted in enhanced glucose utilization in L6 myoblasts compared to untreated control. All extractions showed no significantly increased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells compared to the untreated control cells. The investigation confirmed that the ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity among all extracts. These results imply that C. nervosum fruit extract has antidiabetic properties and therefore they may be used as useful therapeutic agents for treating diabetes.

Chemical Composition, Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity, and Molecular Modelling Studies of Cleistocalyx operculatus Essential Oil

“…The leaf extract of C. operculatus has shown α-glucosidase inhibitory action with an IC 50 value of 0.11 mg/g [22]. Furthermore, Chukiasiri et al (2022) revealed that the plant's fruit extract has a good ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC 50 values of 0.42 and 0.23 g/mL, respectively [23]. In addition, pharmacological studies showed that the C. operculatus extracts had positive effects on streptozotocin-diabetic rats, such as reduced blood glucose levels and protective activities on the β-cells of pancreatic islets [24,25].…”

Effects of a Ganoderma lucidum Proteoglycan on Type 2 Diabetic Rats and the Recovery of Rat Pancreatic Islets

“…T2D is thought to result from both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance . There have been many therapies against T2D, such as metformin, pioglitazone, acarbose, glibenclamide, and so on. − Natural products have many advantages for T2D treatment, such as preferable biosafety, multifunction, − and multiple active sites . Therefore, natural products are thought to be important for new-drug discovery …”