In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion and Related Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of Candida albicans to computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heat-polymerized (HP) denture base materials. Materials and Methods Specimens were allocated to six groups based on the composition of studied denture base materials, HP acrylic resin, milled resins (AvaDent and IvoCad), and 3D-printed resins (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). Ten specimens per group were used for each test (n = 10/test). Surface roughness and contact angles were analyzed using profilometer and goniometer, respectively. Adhesion of C. albicans was counted using colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). Means and standard deviations were calculated, and then one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Correlation of Candida adhesion and surface parameters was determined by using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness between HP, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resins except NextDent, which showed significantly higher roughness in comparison to all other resins (p = 0.001). In terms of contact angle, milled resins had the lowest value, followed by HP, ASIGA, and FormLabs, whereas NextDent showed the highest contact angle (p = 0.001). C. albicans adhesion showed no significant difference between all denture base resins. A positive and significant correlation was found between C. albicans adhesion and contact angle (p = 0.003), while no correlation was reported between C. albicans adhesion and surface roughness (p = 0.523). Conclusion Adhesion of C. albicans was similar in all tested specimens. Surface roughness showed no significant difference between all groups except NextDent, which had the highest value. Milled denture base resins had the lowest contact angle among all groups.

Biofilm inhibition of denture cleaning tablets and carvacrol on denture bases produced with different techniques

“…In the present study, all test materials showed similar contact angle values. Contrary to these results, Fouda et al [21] reported that the contact angles of milled resins were significantly lower than those of heat and 3D-printed resins. Alammari [36] observed that the polymerized CAD/CAM acrylic resin denture base materials had low contact angles (about 67 to 70°), which suggests good wettability.…”

“…The right and left static contact angles were then measured as soon as a single water droplet touched the sample's center on both sides. Each drop and the disk surface were photographed, and the water contact angle was recorded [19,21].…”

“…Corega denture cleaning tablet (Stafford-Miller), carvacrol (Bldpharm), and fluconazole (Bldpharm) were commercially available and used in this study. The concentrations of stock solutions of Corega, carvacrol, and fluconazole were prepared according to EUCAST recommendations as twenty times the concentration to be studied [21]. Following the manufacturer's recommendation, a stock solution was prepared for use in microbiological studies by dissolving Corega tablets in a 200 mL beaker containing 40 °C sterile distilled water.…”

Tendency of microbial adhesion to denture base resins: a systematic review

“…Another study ( 5 ) found that milled and 3D printed denture base materials were biocompatible and had similar surface characteristics. Fouda et al ( 20 ), found that there was no difference in surface roughness between 3D printed, milled, and conventional rein, and that the adherence of C. albicans to all resins behaved similarly. Due the variations in surface properties of denture base resins and amount of microbial adhesions, authors suggested evaluating different CAD-CAM systems with different resins materials.…”