In vitro evaluation of coronary stents and in-stent stenosis using a dynamic cardiac phantom and a 64-detector row CT scanner

Abstract

In a dynamic cardiac phantom model, high grade stenoses in vessels with a diameter of 4 mm could be reliably detected irrespective of the stent type used in this study. Vice versa, high grade stenoses (> or = 50%) could only be ruled out with certainty in vessels with a diameter of 4 mm. In smaller vessels, the ability to correctly diagnose high-grade stenoses was dependent on the type of stent and the imaging artifacts associated with it.

The evolution of cardiovascular stent materials and surfaces in response to clinical drivers: A review

“…This can prevent identification of in-stent restenosis, particularly if it is not a severe stenosis and is easily obscured by the artificial wall thickening. Radio-opaque marker bands and highly radio-opaque stents are particularly problematic, while devices with thinner struts obviously perform better [74,75]. Clearly, the conflicting requirements for X-ray fluoroscopy and CT create an interesting material selection challenge.…”

A model for quantitative correction of coronary calcium scores on multidetector, dual source, and electron beam computed tomography for influences of linear motion, calcification density, and temporal resolution: A cardiac phantom study

“…1͒. 11,15,16 The phantom consisted of a robot arm which performed a preprogramed motion in a water container inside a thorax phantom. 17 Different artificial coronary arteries can be attached to the robot arm.…”

64-Detector CT Angiography in Renal Artery Stent Evaluation: Prospective Comparison with Selective Catheter Angiography

“…Stent lumen visibility varies, largely depending on stent diameter and stent type. The blooming effect is more disturbing in stents with smaller diameters (Ͻ4 mm) and with thicker struts, as elegantly demonstrated for coronary artery stents during an in vitro artifact evaluation performed by Schlosser et al (28). Oncel et al (29) showed in a clinical trial that the lumen assessment of coronary artery stents can be performed more accurately when the stent diameter is larger than 3 mm.…”

“…Regarding the stent material, as evaluated for coronary artery stents, gold or gold-coated stents caused the most severe motion artifacts, while the lumen of stainless steel and cobaltchrome stents can be better visualized (28,30). We only used two stent types, the Radix and the Taxus stents, both made of stainless steel and are not baremetal stents; they are coated with carbon (Radix) or a polymer loaded with paclitaxel (Taxus).…”