In Vitro Evaluation of Palestinian Propolis as a Natural Product with Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates

Abstract

The present work reveals, for the first time, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of propolis samples collected from different regions of Palestine. The content on bioactive compounds has been estimated by total phenolic and flavone and flavonol content, while their antioxidant activity has been determined by radical scavenging methods of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS), and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). The disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods were carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Palestinian propolis against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. The results showed that the total phenolic content ranged from 9.62 mg to 124.94 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g of propolis, and the flavone and flavonol content ranged from 1.06 to 75.31 mg quercetin equivalent QE/g of propolis. The samples S6 from Al-Khalil presented the strongest radical scavenging activity toward DPPH, ABTS free radicals, and FRAP assay with IC50 values of 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The results of antibacterial activity indicated that the propolis samples inhibit the growth of Gram-positive strains better than Gram-negative ones. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the pH, resin, balsam, total phenolic, flavones and flavonol, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from one side and the antibacterial activity of propolis samples except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire: Correlation between Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Chemically Characterized Extracts

“…The antioxidant capacity of extracts from the A. pyrethrum (L.) varieties was assessed using three different methods: the scavenging activity of DPPH radical as reported by Hamada et al [ 65 ], the scavenging activity ABTS radical (2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) [ 63 ], and the reducing power [ 66 ]. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Trolox, and ascorbic acid were used as standards.…”

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pollen Extracts from Micromeria fruticosa, Achillea fragrantissima, and Phoenix dactylifera

“…The reducing power of the prepared pollen extracts was tested to estimate their potential to reduce ferric ion (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) following a modified version of Daraghmah and Imtara]’s protocol [ 6 ]. In short, 25 μL of different pollen dilutions were combined with a potassium buffer of 200 μL (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and a potassium hexacyanoferrate of 200 μL (1%).…”

“…However, in terms of evolution and survival, they have developed with time a resistance oriented toward the commonly used antibiotics [ 5 ]. An alarming situation was declared by the World Health Organization stating that antibiotic-resistant bacteria are now causing a serious threat to global human health [ 6 , 7 ]. In this context, natural products are investigated as potential antimicrobial agents that can overcome the current resistance problem [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Influence of Geographic Origin and Plant Source on Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Moroccan Propolis

“…Propolis is used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times [ 5 ]. Nowadays, several studies shed light on the biological activities of propolis, such as antimicrobial [ 6 , 7 ], anti-inflammatory [ 8 ], antiviral [ 9 ], hepatoprotective [ 10 ], immunomodulatory [ 11 ], antioxidant [ 12 , 13 ], and anticancer activities [ 14 ].…”