In-Vitro Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement to Primary Teeth Dentin Pretreated with Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to primary teeth dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 non carious human primary molars were used in this study. The teeth were prepared to expose a flat dentin surface, ensuring comparability across samples. The samples were then randomly divided into two groups. Group I: The dentin surface of the primary teeth was pretreated with 38% SDF. Group II: The dentin surface of the primary teeth was pretreated with 5% NaF varnish. Following pretreatment, all samples were restored using GIC. The SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine, which measures the force required to detach the GIC from the dentin surface. Results: The study found that the mean SBS of Group I (SDF 38%) was significantly higher at 10.11 ± 2.34 MPa compared to Group II (NaF 5%), which had a mean SBS of 6.34 ± 2.56 MPa. This represented a mean difference of 3.77 MPa in favor of the SDF pretreatment group. Conclusion: The primary teeth dentin pretreated with 38% SDF demonstrated a significant increase in SBS to GIC compared to the teeth pretreated with 5% NaF varnish. This suggests that SDF not only acts as a caries-preventive agent but also enhances the bond strength of restorative materials adhered to dentin surfaces. Clinical Significance: The findings hold considerable clinical significance, especially for pediatric dentistry. The use of SDF as a dentin pretreatment can improve the adhesion of GIC to the dentin of primary teeth. This is particularly beneficial given the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, making it an optimal choice for young patients who may find conventional dental procedures distressing. In summary, this study supports the use of SDF over NaF varnish for pretreating primary teeth dentin before GIC restoration, due to the superior bond strength observed. Implementing this can improve the longevity and effectiveness of restorative treatments in primary teeth, offering a viable, simple method that aligns well with pediatric dental care standards.