In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of EndoSeal MTA, iRoot SP, and AH Plus against Planktonic Bacteria

Mak, Siew Thong; Leong, Xin Fang; Tew, In Meei; Kumolosasi, Endang; Wong, Lishen

doi:10.3390/ma15062012

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Related to AH Plus, its antimicrobial activity was previously demonstrated [39], and more recently Mak et al have shown that although this sealer has a strong antimicrobial activity when freshly prepared (from the formaldehyde released during the polymerization process), it decreases after time [40], which could be related with the low solubility of this sealer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Response to Different Endodontic Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Noites,

Tavares,

Cardoso

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Endodontic treatment aims to eliminate infection of the root canals and fill the dental pulp space. The biocompatibility studies of the sealers used in root canals obturation are crucial since they are applied in direct contact with periradicular tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three root canal sealers—AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealer—on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealers were evaluated through incubation in real-time and material-conditioned media. Cells were incubated for 24 h and 72 h, at three different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg/mL) of each sealer. The cytotoxic activity of the sealers was assessed by Methyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Cell morphology and cytogenetic alterations were studied microscopically. Results: MTT and SRB assays revealed similar results within both approaches. Cell culture exposed to sealers through incubation in real-time revealed a cytotoxic effect of AH Plus at 100 mg/mL. Material-conditioned media study revealed a cytotoxic effect of Bio MTA+ and Bio C, increasing with higher compound concentration and reaching 50% with 100 mg/mL. Regarding the cell’s morphology, Bio C sealer revealed a decrease in cell confluence and several morphological changes. AH Plus and Bio MTA+ did not seem to affect the cell confluence however morphology alterations were observed. In the cytogenetic study, a severe decrease of the mitotic index and a large number of chromosomal aberrations were observed. The present study represents an advance in the understanding of the biocompatibility of AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealers. These sealers demonstrated some cytotoxicity, depending on the concentration used. Although more validation studies are still needed, this study brings very relevant results in terms of cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and cytogenetic alterations. Conclusions: These results could help in the selection of the most appropriate compounds to be used in clinical practice as well as to determine the maximum recommended amounts of each sealer. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the potential cytotoxic effects of three commonly used root canal sealers on human gingival fibroblasts, with varying degrees of impact depending on the concentration used. The results emphasize the importance of careful consideration when selecting and applying these materials in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Response to Different Endodontic Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Noites,

Tavares,

Cardoso

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…suggested that the reduced cell viability may be linked to both the epoxy resin and the amines. [ 24 ] Epoxy resin-containing sealers have been evaluated for their cytotoxic properties, primarily because of their component bisphenol (diglycidyl ether), which is recognized for its mutagenic characteristics. [ 10 ] Among all the sealers tested, AH Plus consistently exhibited the least cell viability throughout all the experimental time intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER flo bioceramic sealers

Sebastian,

El-Sayed,

Adtani

et al. 2024

Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

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Aim: Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo bioceramic sealers compared to AH Plus resin sealer. Materials and Methods: Modified direct contact test was used on three sets of sealers: Freshly mixed sealers, sealers that were 1-day old, and sealers that were 7-day old. After 24 h of incubation, the colony-forming units were digitally counted using Promega Colony Counter after 30 and 60 min of exposure to Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxic effect evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed at three different time points: 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h after adding the sealer eluates to human gingival fibroblasts, to assess cell viability. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance followed by post hoc test. Results: TotalFill bioceramic sealer showed the highest bacterial reduction against E. faecalis throughout all intervals. AH Plus showed great antibacterial activity initially which reduced drastically after 7 days. All the sealers showed a reduction in their antibacterial activity with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo showed very high cell viability in contrast to AH Plus. Conclusion: TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate superior antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis which reduces with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate acceptable biocompatibility against human gingival fibroblasts, which decreased over time.

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“…In this study, ADT was used, and one of the disadvantages of this test is that it does not distinguish between bactericidal properties. The lack of standardization in inoculum density, culture media, sample size, number of specimens per plate, storage conditions, agar viscosity, temperature, and incubation duration can significantly impact the assessment of endodontic sealers' antibacterial effectiveness [14,15]. These parameters should be standardized and integrated to obtain more conclusive results and minimize the influence of in vivo variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity in four endodontic sealers against Staphylococcus aureus and Kocuria rhizophila using agar diffusion test

et al. 2023

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In this in vitro study, we assessed the antibacterial efficacy of four endodontic sealers-resin AH26, EndoRez, calcium hydroxide (Apexit), and pure zinc oxide-against Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion test was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the sealers in vitro, with distilled water serving as a control. The sealers were prepared following the manufacturer's instructions and placed in wells of 50 agar plates, each inoculated with 15 samples of Kocuria rhizophila and Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibition zones were assessed after 72, 120, and 168 hours of anaerobic incubation at 37°C for 196 hours. Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. Positive control plates exhibited bacterial growth in all specified periods. AH26 demonstrated significantly higher antibacterial effectiveness against both bacterium types compared to the other sealers (P<0.01). Pure zinc oxide exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, while Apexit and EndoRez showed the lowest activity against S. aureus and no activity against K. rhizophila. AH26 had the highest antibacterial effect, and EndoRez had the lowest (P<0.05). In terms of inhibiting bacterial growth, the effectiveness of root canal sealers was ranked as follows: AH26 > Pure Zinc Oxide > Apexit/EndoRez.

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of EndoSeal MTA, iRoot SP, and AH Plus against Planktonic Bacteria

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Response to Different Endodontic Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Response to Different Endodontic Sealers: An In Vitro Study

Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER flo bioceramic sealers

In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity in four endodontic sealers against Staphylococcus aureus and Kocuria rhizophila using agar diffusion test

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