In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Some Mushrooms from Turkey

Abstract

Despite considerable recent work to reveal different features of mushrooms species, the few studies of antiviral activities are inadequate and therefore further studies are required. Morchella conica, M. esculenta, Terfezia boudieri, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholoma anatolicum, Fomes fomentarius, Laetiporus sulphureus, Phellinus igniarius, Porodaedalea pini, and Pyrofomes demidoffii from Turkey were investigated to reveal their in vitro cytotoxic and anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) activities. The crude methanol extracts (MEs) and aqueous extracts (AEs) of fungal species and acyclovir (ACV) were used. Various dilutions were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of fungal species (50-0.10 mg/mL) and ACV (500-0.98 μg/mL) on uninfected Vero cells. Maximum nontoxic concentrations were determined for all extracts and ACV by comparing the optical densities of their cell controls. The concentration providing 50% protection against the cytopathic effect caused by the virus, extracts, and ACV (EC50) was calculated, and the half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were determined, the latter as the ratio of CC50 to EC50. While the AEs of F. fomentarius (EC50, 11.22 mg/mL; SI > 4.46), Ph. igniarius (EC50, 9.71 mg/mL; SI > 5.15), and P. pini (EC50, 7.16 mg/mL; SI > 6.98) showed considerable antiherpetic activity, MEs and AEs of the other fungal species did not showed any effects. The EC50 and SI of ACV were determined as 0.20 μg/mL and 3085, respectively. The results demonstrate that F. fomentarius, Ph. igniarius, and P. pini have important anti-HSV-1 activity.

Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase properties of some medicinal and edible mushrooms

“…also speculated that its polysaccharides might be responsible for the antiviral activity as they are the main components of the mushroom extracts [ 26 ]. The water extract of P. igniarius also showed anti-HSV-1 activity in Vero cells [ 27 ]. The study of the chemical composition revealed that the mushroom contains hispidin, which showed anti-influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2 and anti-HIV-1 integrase activity.…”

“…The water extract also showed good anti-FIV-RT activity. It has been reported that some proteins and polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms showed antiviral potential [ 12 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 ] ( Table-2 ). Thus, the experimental design to obtain the anti-FIV compounds (e.g., type of inhibitor, solvent used, and purification method) should be taken into account in further studies and clinical applications.…”

Antiviral, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Three Edible Agaricomycetes Mushrooms: Pleurotus columbinus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, and Agaricus bisporus

“…The following step was carried out in the same manner as described above for the antiviral activity assay [ 35 ].The antiviral activity was calculated based on the extracts ability to inhibit the viral cytopathogenic effects where the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC 50 ) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) were determined using GraphPad PRISM software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Selectivity index (SI) was calculated as stated by Doğan et al [ 36 ] according to the Equation: Selectivity index (SI) = CC 50 /IC 50 …”

Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus Edible Mushrooms

“…The antiviral activity was calculated based on the mushroom extracts’ ability to inhibit the viral CPEs, where the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC 50 ) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) were determined using GraphPad PRISM software (Graph-Pad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). The selectivity index (SI) was calculated as stated by Doğan et al [ 108 ] according to the equation Selectivity Index (SI) = CC 50 /IC 50 …”