In vitro Evaluation of the Essential Oil Extract of Six Plant Species and Ivermectin on the Microfilaria Larva of Simulium yahense

Ebigwai, J.K.; Ilondu, E. M.; Markson, A.A.; Ekeleme, E.

doi:10.3923/rjmp.2012.461.465

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…One strategy employed has been the exploitation of medicinal plants and other natural materials as alternative medicines or for the identification of novel potential drug leads. It has been shown that medicinal plants play a very important role in the health care needs of rural populations in Africa because they are cheap and readily available locally [ 6 , 7 ]. The majority of drugs active against infectious agents are in fact derived from natural products [ 8 ], including ivermectin derived from Streptomyces avermitilis [ 9 ] and artemisinin from the medicinal plant, Artemisia annua [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filaricidal properties of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica extracts, and Lantadene A from L. camara against Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIvermectin is the only drug currently recommended for the treatment of onchocerciasis, the second leading infectious cause of blindness in the world. This drug kills only the first stage larvae—microfilariae (mf) of Onchocerca volvulus and is to be used cautiously in areas where Loa loa is prevalent because of severe adverse events observed with coinfected patients.Methodology/Principal findingsThis study investigated the anti-filarial activities of two Cameroonian medicinal plants, Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica locally used to treat onchocerciasis. Twelve (12) extracts were prepared and tested in vitro on the bovine model parasite, O. ochengi as well as L. loa mf. Both mf and adult male worm viabilities were assessed by motility scoring, while adult female worm viability was determined biochemically by standard MTT/formazan colorimetry. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity were determined respectively, in monkey kidney epithelial cells and in BALB/c mice. Pure compounds were isolated by LC/MS using a bio-assay guided strategy. All the extracts showed 100% activity at 500 μg/mL against O. ochengi adult worms and mf. The highest activity against O. ochengi was observed with the hexane extract of L. camara leaves (LCLhex), with IC50 of 35.1 μg/mL for adult females and 3.8 μg/mL for the mf. Interestingly, this extract was more active against O. ochengi mf than L. loa mf. Further studies on the extracts led to the isolation of lantadene A from the methylene chloride extract of L. camara leaves, with IC50s of 7.85 μg/mL for adult males, 10.38 μg/mL for adult females, 10.84 μg/mL for O. ochengi mf and 20.13 μg/mL for L. loa mf.Conclusions/SignificanceWe report for the first time the anti-onchocercal activities of these locally consumed medicinal plants and lantadene A, a potential lead for further development as an onchocerciasis cure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filaricidal properties of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica extracts, and Lantadene A from L. camara against Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa

et al. 2018

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“…It has been suggested that natural plant products may provide a good alternative source of antifilarial medicines because they are cheap, readily available, have negligible side effects [ 9 , 10 ] and compliance rate may be high since they are indigenous medicines. Natural products have shown great potentials in treating infectious diseases in humans [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Onchocerca activity and phytochemical analysis of an essential oil from Cyperus articulatus L

Metuge

Nyongbela

Mbah

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe lack of a safe and effective adult worm drug and the emergence of resistant animal parasite strains to the only recommended drug, the microfilaricide, ivermectin put many at risk of the devastating effects of the onchocerciasis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the acclaimed anti-Onchocerca activity of the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus in the traditional treatment of onchocerciasis in North Western Cameroon and to assess the plant as a new source of potential filaricidal lead compounds.MethodsCrude extracts were prepared from the dried plant parts using hexane, methylene chloride and methanol. The antifilarial activity was evaluated in vitro on microfilariae (Mfs) and adult worms of the bovine derived Onchocerca ochengi, a close relative of Onchocerca volvulus. The viabilities of microfilariae and adult male worms were determined based on motility reduction, while for the adult female worms the viability was based on the standard MTT/formazan assay. Cytotoxicity of the active extract was assessed on monkey kidney epithelial cells in vitro and the selectivity indices (SI) were determined. Acute toxicity of the promising extract was investigated in mice. Chemical composition of the active extract was unraveled by GC/MS analysis.ResultsOnly the hexane extract, an essential oil exhibited anti-Onchocerca activity. The oil killed both the microfilariae and adult worms of O. ochengi in a dose manner dependently, with IC50s of 23.4 μg/ml on the Mfs, 23.4 μg/ml on adult male worms and 31.25 μg/ml on the adult female worms. Selectivity indices were 4, 4, and 2.99 for Mfs, adult males and adult females, respectively. At a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, none of 6 mice that received the essential oil by gavage died. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, hydrocarbons and fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives as components of the oil.ConclusionsThe essential oil from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus is active against O. ochengi microfilariae and adult worms in vitro in a dose dependent manner, hence may provide a source of new anti-filarial compounds. The results also support the traditional use of C. articulatus in the treatment of human onchocerciasis.

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“…It is an interesting compound, particularly in influencing enzymatic processes. Furthermore, Ebigwai et al, 2012 reported the larvicidal effects and use of R. longiflora extracts against Simulium yahense larvae. S. yahense is responsible for causing onchocerciasis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial potential of Rothmannia longiflora Salisb and Canna indica Linn extracts against selected strains of fungi and bacteria

Awosan¹,

Lawal²,

Ajekigbe³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract of Rothmannia longiflora and Canna indica leaves against 10 pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The methanolic extract from the two plants were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Phjapus stolometer and Penicillium notatum. The results show that inhibition of microbial growth decreased with decreasing concentrations of the plant extracts. While concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/ml completely inhibited microbial growth, lower concentrations (50 and 25 mg/ml) showed partial inhibition, extracts at lower concentrations than these had no effects on microbial growth of microorganisms tested. Comparatively, R. longiflora gave better results than C. indica. This study confirmed the effectiveness of methanolic extracts of the two plants as inhibitory effect to microbial growth of several pathogenic microorganisms and testified to the basis of the ethnomedicinal uses of these two plants against several microbial infections.

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In vitro Evaluation of the Essential Oil Extract of Six Plant Species and Ivermectin on the Microfilaria Larva of Simulium yahense

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Filaricidal properties of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica extracts, and Lantadene A from L. camara against Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa

Filaricidal properties of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica extracts, and Lantadene A from L. camara against Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa

Anti-Onchocerca activity and phytochemical analysis of an essential oil from Cyperus articulatus L

Antimicrobial potential of Rothmannia longiflora Salisb and Canna indica Linn extracts against selected strains of fungi and bacteria

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