In vitro evaluation of the effect of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium sinense, and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Ascaris suum eggs

Araújo, Jackson Víctor de; Braga, Fábio Ribeiro; Silva, A. R.; Araújo, Juliana Milani; Tavela, A.O.

doi:10.1007/s00436-007-0852-9

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another approach, which should be investigated further, is the use of egg-predacious microfungi. Several microfungi are used commercially to combat plant-parasitic nematodes in large-scale monocultures, and for example Pochonia chlamydosporia and Paecilomyces lilacinus have also been shown to attack A. suum, Trichuris vulpis, and Toxocara canis eggs in vitro (Araújo et al, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2010). Hopefully, microfungi can efficiently inactivate large numbers of thick-shelled eggs in stored manure or even on contaminated pastures and thereby help control the parasites in a sustainable way.…”

Section: Inactivation Of a Suum And T Suis Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

148

101

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a b s t r a c tHelminths in pigs have generally received little attention from veterinary parasitologists, despite Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and Oesophagostomum sp. being common worldwide. The present paper presents challenges and current research highlights connected with these parasites.In Danish swine herds, new indoor production systems may favour helminth transmission and growing knowledge on pasture survival and infectivity of A. suum and T. suis eggs indicates that they may constitute a serious threat to outdoor pig production. Furthermore, it is now evident that A. suum is zoonotic and the same may be true for T. suis. With these 'new' challenges and the economic impact of the infections, further research is warranted. Better understanding of host-parasite relationships and A. suum and T. suis egg ecology may also improve the understanding and control of human A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections.The population dynamics of the three parasites are well documented and may be used to study phenomena, such as predisposition and worm aggregation. Furthermore, better methods to recover larvae have provided tools for quantifying parasite transmission. Thus, an on-going study using helminth naïve tracer pigs has surprisingly demonstrated that soil infectivity with A. suum and T. suis increases during the first 2-3 years after pasture contamination.Though all three helminth species stimulate the Th2 arm of the immune system, Oesophagostomum seems weakly immunogenic, perhaps via specific modulation of the host immune system. A. suum and T. suis potently modulate the host immune response, up-regulating Th2 and down-regulating Th1. As a consequence, A. suum may compromise the efficacy of certain bacterial vaccines, whereas T. suis, which establish only short-term in humans, is a favourite candidate for down-regulating autoimmune Th1-related diseases in man.Some basic research findings have offered new possibilities for future sustainable control measures. For example, the heredity of host resistance to A. suum and T. suis is so high that breeding for resistant pigs may be a possibility. Experimental studies have demonstrated that fermentable dietary carbohydrates have an antagonistic effect on Oesophagostomum and to a lesser extent on T. suis and A. suum, whereas egg-destroying microfungi may be used to inactivate the hard-shelled A. suum and T. suis eggs in the environment.Helminth control in Denmark has previously relied solely on anthelmintic treatment in herds with low helminth transmission. When indoor transmission rates * Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3533 2746. increase, or in outdoor herds with high pasture contamination levels, medication may advantageously be combined with sustainable control measures, such as selected pig genomes, bioactive forages, and egg-destroying microfungi.

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Section: Inactivation Of a Suum And T Suis Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

148

101

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“…This fungus is widely distributed and has been successfully used in laboratory conditions for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites eggs of root-knot nematodes (Kerry and Hidalgo 2004), Ascaris suum (Araújo et al 2008), A. lumbricoides (Braga et al 2007) and Taenia taeniaeformis (Braga et al 2008c). The action of this fungus is based on appressorial formation developed from undifferentiated hyphae, which allows the colonization of the egg surface and penetration through both mechanical and enzymatic actions (Lysek and Sterba 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organisms directly interfere with pasture contamination and animal reinfection, and may help to solve problems with resulting from infection with T. vitulorum and other gastrointestinal parasites (Araújo et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predatory activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on Toxocara (syn. Neoascaris) vitulorum eggs

Braga

Ferreira

Araújo

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Toxocara (Neoascaris) vitulorum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of young ruminants, responsible for high mortality rates in parasitized cattle and buffalo calves. The objective of this work was to compare the predatory capacity under laboratory conditions of four fungal isolates of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) on T. vitulorum eggs in 2% water-agar (2% WA). T. vitulorum eggs were plated on 2% WA Petri dishes which contained cultured fungal isolates and control plates without fungi. After 10 and 15 days one hundred eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo in addition to hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The fungal isolates were effective in the destruction of T. vitulorum eggs presenting the type 3 effect at 10 and 15 days after contact with the fungus. No nematophagous fungi were observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity of the fungal isolates (P > 0.01) at the intervals of 10 and 15 days. These results indicate that P. chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) negatively influenced the development of T. vitulorum eggs and can be considered a potential candidate for the biological control of nematodes.

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“…Braga et al (2007) proved that Verticillium chlamydosporium kills eggs of A. lumbricoides. Araújo et al (2008) showed that Pochonia chlamydosporia attacked A. suum eggs. Some nematophagous fungi have been found in regions near archaeological sites in Minas Gerais state, central Brazil (Ribeiro et al, 1999(Ribeiro et al, , 2003 However, few paleoparasitological analyses mentioned the presence of nematophagous fungi.…”

Section: Nematophagous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

A parasitological paradox: Why is ascarid infection so rare in the prehistoric Americas?

Leles

Reinhard

Fugassa

et al. 2010

Journal of Archaeological Science

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In vitro evaluation of the effect of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium sinense, and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Ascaris suum eggs

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Predatory activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on Toxocara (syn. Neoascaris) vitulorum eggs

A parasitological paradox: Why is ascarid infection so rare in the prehistoric Americas?

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