In vitro evaluation of the intensifying photodynamic effect due to the presence of plasmonic hollow gold nanoshells loaded with methylene blue on breast and melanoma cancer cells

Mohseni, Hamed; Imanparast, Armin; Salarabadi, Samaneh Soudmand; Sazgarnia, Ameneh

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103065

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Methylene blue is widely used in the literature as a standard photosensitizer to calculate the quantum yield of other substances, s its ROS production is sufficiently known. Still, in photodynamic therapy, the substance to be used as a photosensitizer must generate ROS in a satisfactory manner, but not in an exacerbated manner that could damage healthy cells [ 9 , 43 , 44 ]. Herein, a similar DPBF absorbance decay profile was observed between the MB solution and nanoparticle groups, in the first 3 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seong and Jin (2015), working with MB encapsulated in calcium phosphate nanoparticles, obtained similar results, where the nanoparticle obtained a more controlled ROS generation compared to the solution when dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide [ 35 ]. In another study, pegylated gold nanoshells containing methylene blue exhibited significantly higher ROS production than the MB solution [ 9 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soon after, the plate was subjected to light irradiation (630 nm, 6.7 J/cm 2 , 0.001841 W/cm 2 ) for 3 min followed by absorbance recording until 30 min of irradiation. Control groups of DPBF, DMSO and nanoparticles without methylene blue were used to remove possible interferences [ 9 , 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methylene blue (MB), a dye belonging to the phenothiazine family, is one of the most commonly used photosensitizers due to its high generation of ROS and healing properties [ 7 ]. In the context of cancerous diseases, MB has already been used in breast cancer [ 8 ], melanoma [ 9 ], lung cancer [ 10 ] and in the SCC itself [ 11 ]. Taken together, based on in vitro, in vivo and preclinical studies, MB has proven to be a promising agent that can be used for the treatment of SCC [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoencapsulation of Methylene-Blue for Enhanced Skin Cancer Cell Phototoxicity and Cutaneous Penetration in Association with Sonophoresis

et al. 2023

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer has emerged as an alternative treatment for skin cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To increase the cutaneous penetration of the drug, some strategies are used, such as the association of nanocarriers and physical methods. Thus, herein we address the development of nanoparticles based on poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), optimized with the Box–Behnken factorial design, for topical application of MB associated with sonophoresis. The MB-nanoparticles were developed using the double emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and the optimized formulation resulted in an average size of 156.93 ± 8.27 nm, a polydispersion index of 0.11 ± 0.05, encapsulation efficiency of 94.22 ± 2.19% and zeta potential of −10.08 mV ± 1.12. Morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy showed spherical nanoparticles. In vitro release studies show an initial burst compatible with the first-order mathematical model. The nanoparticle showed satisfactory generation of reactive oxygen species. The MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and IC50; values of 79.84; 40.46; 22.37; 9.90 µM were obtained, respectively, for the MB-solution and the MB-nanoparticle without and with light irradiation after 2 h of incubation. Analysis using confocal microscopy showed high cellular uptake for the MB-nanoparticle. With regard to skin penetration, a higher concentration of MB was observed in the epidermis + dermis, corresponding to 9.81, 5.27 μg/cm2 in passive penetration and 24.31 and 23.81 μg/cm2 after sonophoresis, for solution-MB and nanoparticle-MB, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MB encapsulation in PCL nanoparticles for application in skin cancer using PDT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoencapsulation of Methylene-Blue for Enhanced Skin Cancer Cell Phototoxicity and Cutaneous Penetration in Association with Sonophoresis

et al. 2023

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“…Part of the phenothiazine class, methylene blue (MB) is a dye and a medicine, as well as having photosensitizing activity. Mohseni et al evaluated the photodynamic effect of MB loaded in hollow gold nanoshells (HGNSs) on human breast cancer MCF-7 and DFW melanoma cancer cell lines [ 175 ]. Prior to MB loading, HGNSs were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to improve the NPs’ half-life, to facilitate bypassing the immune system, and to limit unwanted medicine release.…”

Section: Non-porphyrin Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitizers-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Treatment

et al. 2023

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Malignant melanoma poses a significant global health burden. It is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, attributed to various risk factors such as UV radiation exposure, genetic modifications, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression, and fair complexion. Photodynamic therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately promote cell death. When selecting photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy, the presence of melanin should be considered. Melanin absorbs visible radiation similar to most photosensitizers and has antioxidant properties, which undermines the reactive species generated in photodynamic therapy processes. These characteristics have led to further research for new photosensitizing platforms to ensure better treatment results. The development of photosensitizers has advanced with the use of nanotechnology, which plays a crucial role in enhancing solubility, optical absorption, and tumour targeting. This paper reviews the current approaches (that use the synergistic effect of different photosensitizers, nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic agents) in the photodynamic therapy of melanoma.

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Revisiting gold nanoshells as multifunctional biomedical nanotools

Topete,

Varela,

Navarro-Real

et al. 2025

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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In vitro evaluation of the intensifying photodynamic effect due to the presence of plasmonic hollow gold nanoshells loaded with methylene blue on breast and melanoma cancer cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Nanoencapsulation of Methylene-Blue for Enhanced Skin Cancer Cell Phototoxicity and Cutaneous Penetration in Association with Sonophoresis

Nanoencapsulation of Methylene-Blue for Enhanced Skin Cancer Cell Phototoxicity and Cutaneous Penetration in Association with Sonophoresis

Photosensitizers-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Treatment

Revisiting gold nanoshells as multifunctional biomedical nanotools

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