In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of endodontic pathogens to calcium hydroxide combined with different vehicles

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in combination with different vehicles against endodontic pathogens. For such purpose, a broth dilution test was performed. Pastes were prepared with Ca(OH)2 powder and the following vehicles: sterile water, glycerin, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), CMCP + glycerin, polyethyleneglycol and CMCP + polyethyleneglycol. The time required for the pastes to produce negative cultures against the tested microorganisms was recorded and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. Timing for pastes to eliminate the aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms ranged from 6 to 24 h, while strict anaerobic microorganisms were inhibited within 30 s to 5 min. Microbial susceptibility, ranked from weakest to strongest, can be presented as follows: Enterococcus faecalis (the most resistant microorganism), Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia (the last two microorganisms required the same time to be eliminated). In conclusion, calcium hydroxide pastes needed more time to eliminate facultative than anaerobic microorganisms. These findings suggest that the antimicrobial property is related both to paste formulation and to microbial susceptibility.

In vitro susceptibility of oral Candida albicans strains to different pH levels and calcium hydroxide saturated aqueous solution

“…A differential in the present study was the use of 30 C. albicans strains isolated from human oral cavity, whereas other studies used ATCC strains only (23,24). In fact, the C. albicans ATCC strains used in research studies can present different degrees of susceptibility to calcium hydroxide.…”

Efeitos da dentina sobre o pH e atividade antimicrobiana de diversas formulações com hidróxido de cálcio

“…Porém, em G2A e G2B, e G3A e G3B, as formulações contêm veículos com reconhecida atividade antimicrobiana sobre E. faecalis, tais como o paramonoclorofenol canforado e o digluconato de clorexidina. Portanto, a maior atividade antimicrobiana inicial demonstrada por esses grupos pode ser atribuída à presença destes componentes em suas formulações 23,24 .…”

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Trendelenburg Positioning in Robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy

“…CO2 pneumoperitoneum by itself has well-described effects on cardiovascular parameters including elevations in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [5][6][7][8]. Further, pneumoperitoneum combined with steep Trendelenburg positioning(as seen in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and robotic hysterectomy literature)has demonstrated altered respiratory physiology [9][10][11] with reductions in lung volumes and compliance [6,9,10,12].…”