In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of FotoSan™ light-activated disinfection on human fibroblasts

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundRoot canal disinfection needs to be improved because actual techniques are not able to eliminate all microorganisms present in the root canal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of FotoSan (CMS Dental APS, Copenhagen Denmark), 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine.Material/MethodsFibroblasts of periodontal ligament from healthy patients were cultured. FotoSan (with and without light activation for 30 sec.), 17% EDTA and 2% chlorexidine were used for the cell viability tests. Untreated cells were used as control. The cellular vitality was evaluated by MTT test. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe. Results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, followed by a multiple comparison of means by Student-Newman-Keuls, and the statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsMTT tests showed that cytotoxic effects of FotoSan (both photocured and uncured) were statistically lower (p<0.05) than that observed using 2% Chlorhexidine, while no significant differences were found in comparison with 17% EDTA. No alterations in ROS production were detectable in any of the tested materials.ConclusionsSince the toxicity of the FotoSan photosensitizer, both light-activated and not light-activated, is similar to common endodontic irrigants, it can be clinically used with precautions of use similar to those usually recommended for the above-mentioned irrigating solutions.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Endodontic Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans Mono and Mixed Biofilms in the Presence of Photosensitizers: A Comparative Study with Classical Endodontic Irrigants

“…It also presented the same antimicrobial potential than the clinically used classical irrigants, CHX and EDTA. It is worth mentioning that TBO (Seal et al, 2002; Bergmans et al, 2008; Rios et al, 2011) is available in the market under the name of Fotosan ® agent (Gambarini et al, 2011; Rios et al, 2011) and RB has been widely studied (Shrestha et al, 2012, 2014; Persadmehr et al, 2014). As expected, 3% NaOCl had the best final outcomes.…”

Bactericidal Effect of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm on Implant Surface

“…40 CHX can induce apoptotic and necrotic/autophagic cell death. 40,41 Studies showed that endothelial cells and fibroblasts are sensitive to CHX, but osteoblasts are the most sensitive cells. 40 Gambarini et al 41 demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of MB on PDL fibroblasts (whether inactive or activated with a light source) was equal to that of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17% and much lower than the toxicity of 0.3% CHX.…”

“…Such slight toxicity is not related to light-activated reactive oxygen species. 41 For evaluation of a therapeutic agent, two aspects must be considered: efficacy and safety, which are both important. Every nontoxic compound is not necessarily safe.…”

Photodynamic therapy in combating the causative microorganisms from endodontic infections

“…[13] Several studies have shown that the dose required to cause bacterial death is lower the dose needed to cause damage to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. [14][15][16][17] Xu et al [18] suggested that PDT can be used as an adjunct to endodontic disinfection without damaging the cells of periapical region in their evaluation of the in vitro effects of methylene blue at 50 µg/mL and irradiation with diode light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) at 665 nm for 5 min on human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts.…”