In vitro fermentation of chitooligosaccharides and their effects on human fecal microbial community structure and metabolites

Ji, Xiaoguo; Chang, Kunlin; Chen, Mai; Zhu, Liangliang; Osman, Arwa; Yin, Hao; Zhao, Liming

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111224

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…COS possess great potential as immunostimulatory agents in novel anticancer therapies [79]. The fermentation of COS in vitro and its effect on human fecal microbial community structure and metabolites have been recently reported [80]. In other contexts, COS and their derivatives can be employed in drug delivery of anticancer drugs [81].…”

Section: Bioactive Properties Of Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

et al. 2021

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Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.

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Section: Bioactive Properties Of Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

et al. 2021

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“…In some studies, the colonic fermentation is used to assay the effect of specific compounds (e.g., polysaccharides or oligosaccharides) on gut microbiota growth or the relative abundance of species and genera. In this type of study, the compounds to be assayed are added to the culture medium as the only source of carbon (i.e., as extracts or isolated compounds) [30][31][32]. In some other studies, the target is to assay the impact that foods (i.e., complex structural matrices) have on gut microbiota and the metabolites produced after a complete digestion process (including gut fermentation).…”

Section: Static Colonic Fermentation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ [30][31][32][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] To assay the prebiotic effect of some polyphenols on gut microbiota and their metabolites.…”

Section: Main Objective Study Subject Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the suspension is manually homogenised or is homogenised using a stomacher [31,36,43,56,69]. In addition to the previous homogenisation stage, some protocols include filtering [27,30,54], or centrifugation steps [37,65,80] so that the supernatant is used as faecal inoculum in the fermentation process. In addition, other protocols include the extraction of the bacterial mass from the rest of the components of the faecal sample by means of the use of iohexol (Nycodenz ® ), which is added to the supernatant of a previously homogenised faecal suspension, causing the isolation of viable cells.…”

Section: Faecal Inoculum Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 26,30,31,[36][37][38]42,54,64,69,79,80,97,109] To assay the prebiotic effect of different polyphenols on gut microbiota and their metabolites. [ 33,45,47,110] To assay the effect of dietary emulsifiers on gut microbiota and its pro-inflammatory contributions.…”

Section: Main Objective Analytical Determinations Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Simulation of Human Colonic Fermentation: A Practical Approach towards Models’ Design and Analytical Tools

et al. 2021

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The human colonic microbiota plays an important role in the food digestion process and has a key role in maintaining health status. This community of microbes is inter-individually different due to several factors that modulate its composition. Among them, diet is one of the most relevant, which, in turn, is affected by environmental, economic, and cultural considerations. These pieces of evidence have promoted the study of the influence of diet on gut microbiota and the development of in vitro models that simulate the colonic digestion of foods. This narrative review aims to present a technical approach of the in vitro gut models available to evaluate the impact of diet on human colonic microbiota. A description and comments on the main characteristics, parameters, applicability, faecal inoculum preparation, and analytical tools are made. Despite the progress of in vitro colonic digestion models and metaomic applicability in this research field, there are still some challenges to face due to the lack of a consensus on the methodologies to conduct in vitro colonic digestions and the need to integrate the metaomic data to fully understand the influence of food in human colonic microbiota.

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Lactobacillus Intestinalis Primes Epithelial Cells to Suppress Colitis‐Related Th17 Response by Host‐Microbe Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis

Wang,

Jia,

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Gut microbiome is integral to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. A novel probiotic Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) exerts a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in mice. Based on flow cytometry, colitis‐associated Th17 cells are the target of L. intestinalis, which is supported by the lack of protective effects of L. intestinalis in T cell‐null Rag1−/− mice or upon anti‐IL‐17‐A antibody‐treated mice. Although L. intestinalis exerts no direct effect on T cell differentiation, it decreases C/EBPA‐driven gut epithelial SAA1 and SAA2 production, which in turn impairs Th17 cell differentiation. Cometabolism of L. intestinalis ALDH and host ALDH1A2 contributed to elevated biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which accounts for the anti‐colitis effect in RAR‐α ‐mediated way. In a cohort of ulcerative colitis patients, it is observed that fecal abundance of L. intestinalis is negatively associated with the C/EBPA‐SAA1/2‐Th17 axis. Finally, L. intestinalis has a synergistic effect with mesalazine in alleviating murine colitis. In conclusion, L. intestinalis and associated metabolites, RA, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between intestinal epithelia and immunity.

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In vitro fermentation of chitooligosaccharides and their effects on human fecal microbial community structure and metabolites

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

In Vitro Simulation of Human Colonic Fermentation: A Practical Approach towards Models’ Design and Analytical Tools

Lactobacillus Intestinalis Primes Epithelial Cells to Suppress Colitis‐Related Th17 Response by Host‐Microbe Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis

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