In vitro gas production of five rations of different maize silage and concentrate ratios influenced by increasing levels of chemically characterized extract of Salix babylonica

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the effect of the chemical substances of Salix babylonica (SB) extract on in vitro rumen fermentation of five mixed rations with different maize silage to concentrate ratios. Fifty-nine compounds were identified in SB extract using the retention time and mass spectral technique. Interactive effects were noted (P < 0.001) for the asymptotic gas production (GP) (b), the rate of production (c), the initial delay before GP begins (L), pH, dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gas yield at 24 h (GY 24 ), microbial crude protein, and in vitro GP. Both 1.2 and 1.8 mL SB/g DM had the highest (P < 0.05) b and c values. Addition of 1.2 and 1.8 mL SB/g DM linearly improved (P < 0.001) ME, OMD, SCFAs, and GY 24 . It could be concluded that, based on the highly detected interaction effects between ration types and extract doses for fermentation parameters and GP, the most effective dose of SB varied between incubated total mixed rations. However, the ration of 25% silage and 75% concentrate had the highest nutritive value, especially at doses of 1.2 to 1.8 mL SB/g DM total mixed ration.

Nutrient composition and <i>in vitro</i> digestion parameters of Jerusalem artichoke (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> L.) herbage at different maturity stages in horse and ruminant

“…In addition, the ADL content was negatively correlated with in vitro gas production which is an important indicator of low digestion value in horses (Kara, 2016). In horse, in vitro gas production was positively correlated with T-DMd, T-OMd and ME values which was in agreement with previous in vitro digestion studies (Elghandour et al, 2015;Kara et al, 2015Kara et al, , 2016Kholif et al, 2016). The estimated digestion values and ME values of Jerusalem artichoke herbage were satisfactory for horses forage according to NRC (2007).…”

“…The gas yields (GY 24 ), partial factor (PF 24 ) and microbial crude protein production levels (MCP) of the samples at 24 h were calculated using the equations of Elghandour et al (2015):…”

Influence of Aguamiel ( Agave atrovirens ) as a Natural Feed Additive on Cecal Fermentation Kinetics of Some Forage Species in Horse Feeding

“…However, the higher rate of GP of Caesalpinia coriacea was unexpected because secondary metabolites have been reported to depress degradability and hence GP [24,28]. Moringa oleifera had the highest asymptotic GP which suggests that the forage promoted an increasing availability of carbohydrate fractions to the microbial population, in consonance with previous studies in ruminants [19,29,30]. Nutrient availability from the inocula for microbes' activity and growth has been reported to promote degradability of different nutrients [10].…”

Influence of individual or mixed cellulase and xylanase mixture on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of total mixed rations with different maize silage and concentrate ratios

“…Higher fiber rations do not encourage microbial growth and fermentation enough, causing decreased ration digestibility (24) and a decrease in readily available energy and protein contents, with increase in the structural carbohydrate content of those rations (11). Increasing rations' concentrate content may alter the rumen fermentation towards propionogenesis as carbon dioxide is produced when propionate is made by rumen bacteria via the succinate-propionate pathway (11), whereas fibrous rations result in the preferential production of acetate, butyrate, and methane compared to a concentrate ration (24). In general, GP appeared to be related to the chemical composition of the feeds, and in particular to the fiber content (25).…”

“…Roughage to concentrate ratio is regarded as one of the most important limiting factors for efficient utilization of dietary nutrients (11). Balancing the roughage to concentrate ratio should improve the activity of the microbial population of the host animal more than high concentrate or high roughage rations (12).…”