In vitro hemocyte phagocytosis activation after experimental infection of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida or Vibrio alginolyticus at different temperatures and infection routes

Role of autonomic nervous system in BDE‐209 maternal exposure induced immunotoxicity in female offspring

“…The phagocytic function of macrophages is mainly represented by altering the phagocytic index. 45 Hence, the phagocytic index was calculated to investigate whether pregnancy and lactation rat exposure to BDE-209 had the capacity to alter the functions of macrophage in our research, and the diminishment of the phagocytic index was observed when the concentration reached 50 mg/kg, demonstrating that pregnancy and lactation high dose BDE-209 exposure could induce restraint of nonspecific immune function in offspring. A previous study on primary murine peritoneal macrophages showed that BDE-209 exposure did not influence macrophage phagocytic function at noncytotoxic concentrations, 46 guesting that the noncytotoxic concentration of BDE-209 was insufficient to destroy nonspecific immune function.…”

Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida induced oxidative stress response

“…Even though Phdp has been characterized as a fish pathogen [28] , infections have been confirmed in invertebrates, as well. However, studies are limited to the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and P. indicus with LD50 values of 2 × 10 2 to 5 × 10 5 CFU [29] , Octopus vulgaris which was resistant to experimental infection by injection [30] and the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus with a cumulative mortality of 25% on the 7th day after the disease was first observed in a farm and to 90% following experimental infection by injection with 2.6 × 10 5 CFU/mL [31] .…”