In vitro hemodynamics and valve imaging in passive beating hearts

“…These models have been used to evaluate multiple repairs on a single MV, changes in leaflet mobility and coaptation, improvements in transmitral hemodynamics, and provide direct quantitative measures of tissue loading. [3][4][5]8,9,[11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]41,42,44,[46][47][48] Within the limitation of each setup, these models are more risk averse, controlled, reproducible, and less expensive than clinical studies or large animal models. Understanding the advantages and limits of these models will aid the interpretation of their resulting data, inform future experimental evaluations, and further the translation of results to procedure and device development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench Models for Assessing the Mechanics of Mitral Valve Repair and Percutaneous Surgery

Siefert

Siskey

2014

Cardiovasc Eng Tech

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Rapid preclinical evaluations of mitral valve (MV) mechanics are currently best facilitated by bench models of the left ventricle (LV). This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of these models to aid interpretation of their resulting data, inform future experimental evaluations, and further the translation of results to procedure and device development. For this review, two types of experimental bench models were evaluated. Rigid LV models were characterized as fluid-mechanical systems capable of testing explanted MVs under static and or pulsatile left heart hemodynamics. Passive LV models were characterized as explanted hearts whose left side is placed in series with a static or pulsatile flow-loop. In both systems, MV function and mechanics can be quantitatively evaluated. Rigid and passive LV models were characterized and evaluated. The materials and methods involved in their construction, function, quantitative capabilities, and disease modeling were described. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are compared to aid the interpretation of their resulting data and inform future experimental evaluations. Repair and percutaneous studies completed in these models were additionally summarized with perspective on future advances discussed. Bench models of the LV provide excellent platforms for quantifying MV repair mechanics and function. While exceptional work has been reported, more research and development is necessary to improve techniques and devices for repair and percutaneous surgery. Continuing efforts in this field will significantly contribute to the further development of procedures and devices, predictions of long-term performance, and patient safety.

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“…In order to model the physiological environment without moving to in vivo animal tests, three main experimental approaches are described in the literature: the use of synthetic ventricles [15][16][17], the integration of passive excised biological samples into artificial in vitro setups [18][19][20][21][22], and the use of ex vivo beating heart models [23][24][25]. In particular, the first approach allows for well controllable and repeatable experimental conditions, and is suitable for specific investigational techniques such as particle image velocimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%