“…There are several growth factors involved in blood vessel formation and stabilization. Among them, VEGF, the angiopoietin (Ang) family of growth factors (e.g., Ang 2), PDGF, FGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-8, and hypoxiainducible factor 1 (HIF), have been often described in scaffold vascularization studies in tissue engineering (Blatt et al, 2020;Chandra & Atala, 2019;Chen et al, 2017;Cheung et al, 2015;Haro Durand et al, 2017;Heller et al, 2020Heller et al, , 2016Kniebs et al, 2020;Perez-Amodio et al, 2011;Samal et al, 2015;Sarker et al, 2015;Xiao et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2012). The quantification of these proangiogenic markers is commonly performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), however, other methods such as IHC, IF, flow cytometry, transcription analysis (PCR) (Shi et al, 2014) and proteomics (e.g., Western blot) (Unterleuthner et al, 2017) have also been used.…”