In-vitro Identification of Distinctive Metabolic Signatures of Intact Varicose Vein Tissue via Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract

We demonstrate differential metabolic profiles between varicose veins and non-varicose veins. Elucidating the metabolic signature underlying varicose veins can further improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of disease initiation, progression, and aid in identifying putative therapeutic targets.

Management of venous leg ulcers: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery® and the American Venous Forum

“…In patients with varicose veins, there are significant differences in three important metabolic products; creatine, lactate, and myoinositol metabolites are increased and amounts of lipid metabolites are lower compared with nonvaricose control veins. 89 Analysis of the cellular metabolism in varicose veins, with signature end products, reflects the metabolism of the tissue and provides key information to the disease processes. Further research in this exciting field is necessary to have a better understanding of the processes leading to CVD and to determine whether patients with venous ulcers have certain characteristic metabolic profiles that will allow improved targeted therapy in both the prevention and active treatment of CVD and VLUs.…”

Perturbations in fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis are manifested in calcific coronary artery disease: An exploratory lipidomic study

“…Metabolic profiling enables holistic analysis and rationalization of systemic fluctuations of small molecules in a biological system [15][16][17]. Lipid profiling (lipidomics) is a subcategory of metabolic profiling, focusing on the lipophilic molecules in a biological matrix (lipids) [18,19].…”

Varicose Veins

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (a method of studying metabolic perturbation in tissues and body fl uids) revealed signifi cantly higher levels of lactate, creatine, and myoinositol in the varicose vein wall compared to control veins [ 21 ]. The different metabolites refl ect the underlying metabolic changes in the varicose vein wall.…”

“…Whereas creatine and its metabolites correlate with SMC hypertrophy, high levels of lactate convey the hypoxic state of the varicose vein wall. Myoinositol, a constituent of second messengers, is involved in cell signaling, which eventually results in cell proliferation [ 21 ].…”