In vitro immunomodulatory effects of microemulsions with levamisole delivery systems on blood phagocytes interacting with Giardia lamblia

Hernandes, Mara Rosa Gil; Moraes, Lucélia Campelo Albuquerque; Ribeiro, Elton Brito; Fagundes, Danny Laura Gomes; Honório-França, Adenilda Cristina; França, Eduardo Luzía

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2017.02.005

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…20 Because of its immunomodulatory effects, levamisole has been used to treat immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, nephritic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, aphthous ulcers and colon cancer. [21][22][23][24] As a result, one of the most severe consequences of the adulteration of cocaine with levamisole is leukoencephalopathy. Xu et al speculated that levamisole could cause acute and recurrent white matter lesions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil

Ribeiro

Trevizol

Frajzinger

et al. 2019

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction Brazil is the world’s biggest consumer of crack cocaine, and dependence is a major public health issue. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of potentially harmful adulterants present in hair samples from Brazilian patients with crack cocaine dependence. Method We evaluated adulterants in hair samples extracted by convenience from 100 patients admitted at the 48 hour-observation unit of Centro de Referência de Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD), Brazil’s largest center for addiction treatment. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with the data obtained. Results Adulterants were found in 97% of the analyzed hair samples. The most prevalent adulterant was lidocaine (92%), followed by phenacetin (69%) and levamisole (31%). Conclusion Adulterants were widely prevalent in hair samples from crack users treated at CRATOD: at least one adulterant was present in virtually all the hair samples collected. This points to a need to monitor adverse effects in the clinical setting in order to provide this high-risk group of patients with prompt and effective care related to the acute and chronic complications associated with these adulterants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil

Ribeiro

Trevizol

Frajzinger

et al. 2019

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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“…The induction of apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of giardiasis due to a loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function and increased permeability via caspase-dependent mechanisms ( 11 ), and the high rates of apoptosis are likely associated with effective phagocytosis mechanisms that culminate in parasite death ( 24 ). The action of cytokines is also associated with a number of processes, such as changes in intracellular Ca 2 + by phagocytes ( 25 ). Despite increasing superoxide release and apoptosis rates, TGF-β and IL-17 did not alter intracellular Ca 2 + release in MN phagocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annexin V staining was performed to assess apoptosis ( 25 ). Untreated cells were used as a negative control, and cells treated with staurosporine [Sigma, St. Louis, USA] to induce apoptosis were used as a positive control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β on the Functional Activity of Blood Mononuclear Cells against Giardia lamblia

Brune¹,

França²,

Moraes³

et al. 2021

IJPA

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Background: This study aimed to analyze cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells with Giardia lamblia to determine the levels of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β and the functional activity of MN cells after incubation with cytokines. Methods: This study was conducted in 2018 in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 60 healthy volunteer donors to obtain leukocytes. The levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β were quantified in trophozoite cell culture supernatants. Superoxide release, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, apoptosis and intracellular calcium release were analyzed. Results: The cytokines evaluated were detected in the culture supernatant of MN cells and G. lamblia. Regardless of the type of cytokine, MN cells increased superoxide release in the presence of G. lamblia. Phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and apoptosis were higher when MN phagocytes were treated with cytokines. The highest microbicidal activity and apoptosis rates were observed in MN cells cultured with TGF-β. IFN-γ increased the release of intracellular calcium by MN phagocytes. Conclusion: Cytokines play a beneficial role in the host by activating MN cells against G. lamblia. In addition, phagocytosis causes G. lamblia death and that the modulation of the functional activity of blood MN phagocytes by cytokines is an alternative mechanism for eliminating G. lamblia.

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“…THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION IN BIOENGINEERING Studies aimed at reducing adverse drug effects have been developed as novel therapeutic systems, known as modified release systems [78,79,80,81,82,83]. The improvement of the therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds through their incorporation into microcarriers is an important strategy in obtaining new therapies, since cyclical changes in concentration are eliminated; there is biological availability of the compound as well as the reduction in toxicity, number of administered doses and suppression of adverse reactions [84].…”

Section: Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEG-drug conjugates and microemulsions -drug, are being studied as possible modified release systems for a variety of molecules and drugs [85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,83]. This combination has many advantages such as prolonged residence in the organism, decreased degradation by metabolic enzymes and reduction or elimination of the immunogenicity of proteins [87].…”

Section: Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin bioengineered: A New Possible Strategy for Treatment of Breast Cancer

Fernandes¹,

Cotrim²,

França³

et al. 2018

IJAERS

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Breast cancer is an important public health problem, with an estimated 3.2 million new cases by the year 2050. Diet plays a key role in the etiology of breast cancer and breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer. On the other hand, the improvement of the therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds through their incorporation into microcarriers is an important strategy in obtaining new therapies, since cyclical changes in concentration are eliminated; there is biological availability of the compound as well as the reduction in toxicity, number dose and suppression of adverse reactions. Studies using hormones such as melatonin extracted from human milk adsorbed onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres showed that the controlled release of this compound was able to reduce viability and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines. Colostrum differs from most of the secretions because it contains viable leukocytes during the first days of lactation with a quantity and activity comparable to blood leukocytes, and has several defense components such as antibodies and hormones, such as melatonin (MLT). This review details the influence of the soluble and cellular components present in human colostrum, such as the MLT hormone, as the modified release systems influence the action of MLT and the possible mechanisms involved that contribute to the hypothesis of reduction of breast cancer in women who breastfed.

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In vitro immunomodulatory effects of microemulsions with levamisole delivery systems on blood phagocytes interacting with Giardia lamblia

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil

Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil

Effects of Cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β on the Functional Activity of Blood Mononuclear Cells against Giardia lamblia

Melatonin bioengineered: A New Possible Strategy for Treatment of Breast Cancer

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