In vitro immunotoxic and genotoxic activities of particles emitted from two different small-scale wood combustion appliances

Tapanainen, Maija; Jalava, Pasi; Mäki‐Paakkanen, Jorma; Hakulinen, Pasi; Happo, Mikko S.; Lamberg, Heikki; Ruusunen, Jarno; Tissari, Jarkko; Nuutinen, Kati; Yli‐Pirilä, Pasi; Hillamo, Risto; Salonen, Raimo O.; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.065

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…One is that BC more closely identifies PM from combustion sources than heterogeneous PM mass does, which comprises particles from all sources, or WSOM, which is both emitted as a primary pollutant and formed as a secondary aerosol. Toxicological studies indicate that PM from incomplete combustion may be more toxic in macrophage and fibroblast cell lines than PM from more complete combustion (36,37). It is also possible that other components of combustion-related PM contribute to the observed health impacts, with BC acting as a surrogate for their levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Baumgartner

Zhang

Schauer

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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Air pollution in China and other parts of Asia poses large health risks and is an important contributor to global climate change. Almost half of Chinese homes use biomass and coal fuels for cooking and heating. China's economic growth and infrastructure development has led to increased emissions from coal-fired power plants and an expanding fleet of motor vehicles. Black carbon (BC) from incomplete biomass and fossil fuel combustion is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter (PM) air pollution and the second most important climate-forcing human emission. PM composition and sources may also be related to its human health impact. We enrolled 280 women living in a rural area of northwestern Yunnan where biomass fuels are commonly used. We measured their blood pressure, distance from major traffic routes, and daily exposure to BC (pyrolytic biomass combustion), water-soluble organic aerosol (organic aerosol from biomass combustion), and, in a subset, hopane markers (motor vehicle emissions) in winter and summer. BC had the strongest association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (4.3 mmHg; P < 0.001), followed by PM mass and water-soluble organic mass. The effect of BC on SBP was almost three times greater in women living near the highway [6.2 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.6 to 8.9 vs. 2.6 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.1 to 5.2]. Our findings suggest that BC from combustion emissions is more strongly associated with blood pressure than PM mass, and that BC's health effects may be larger among women living near a highway and with greater exposure to motor vehicle emissions. cardiovascular disease | household air pollution | solid fuels P articulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading health risk factor (1) and primary contributor to anthropogenic climate change (2). Air pollution is notoriously high in China and other parts of Asia. China's rising energy demands have led to increased air pollution emissions from coal-fired power plants (3). Its motorized transport growth is the fastest in the world with the number of motor vehicles projected to quadruple in the next two decades, reaching over 380 million by 2030 (4). Meanwhile, nearly half of all Chinese still cook and heat their homes with highly polluting biomass and coal fuels (5). The resulting PM concentrations routinely exceed the World Health Organization's (WHO) annual Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/m 3 by a factor of 10 or more (6) and are associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases (1, 7).PM differs in chemical properties, size, and possibly effects on human health. Black carbon (BC) and organic carbon PM are emitted during incomplete biomass and fossil fuel combustion and seem to have important effects on both climate and human health. BC affects the regional and global climate by absorbing solar radiation and heating the atmosphere and is the second most important climate-forcing human emission, after carbon dioxide (8). Coemitted organic carbon may further influence radiative forcing by ac...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Baumgartner

Zhang

Schauer

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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“…The filters were weighed before and after the sample collection to determine the mass of the collected PM. The collected PM with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 mm (PM 1 ) mass was then extracted from the PTFE filters as described previously by Tapanainen et al (2011). Briefly, PTFE filters were quartered aseptically and transferred to 50 mL glass tubes before adding 30 mL HPLC-grade methanol.…”

Section: Appliances Fuels and Online Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Kasurinen

Jalava

Uski

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Wood pellets have been used in domestic heating appliances for three decades. However, because the share of renewable energy for heating will likely rise over the next several years, alternative biomass fuels, such as short-rotation coppice or energy crops, will be utilized. We tested particulate emissions from the combustion of standard softwood pellets and three alternative pellets (poplar, Miscanthus sp., and wheat straw) for their ability to induce inflammatory, cytotoxic, and genotoxic responses in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results showed clear differences in the chemical composition of the emissions, which was reflected in the toxicological effects. Standard softwood and straw pellet combustion resulted in the lowest PM 1 mass emissions. Miscanthus sp. and poplar combustion emissions were approximately three times higher. Emissions from the herbaceous biomass pellets contained higher amounts of chloride and organic carbon than the emissions from standard softwood pellet combustion. Additionally, the emissions of the poplar pellet combustion contained the highest concentration of metals. The emissions from the biomass alternatives caused significantly higher genotoxicity than the emissions from the standard softwood pellets. Moreover, straw pellet emissions caused higher inflammation than the other samples. Regarding cytotoxicity, the differences between the samples were smaller. Relative toxicity was generally highest for the poplar and Miscanthus sp. samples, as their emission factors were much higher. Thus, in addition to possible technical problems, alternative pellet materials may cause higher emissions and toxicity. The long-term use of alternative fuels in residential-scale appliances will require technological developments in both burners and filtration. EDITORTiina Reponen

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“…Gaseous components with high boiling points are found in large amounts in condensed form (loaded on PM), and their high cytotoxic potential was identified by in vitro cell death studies using co-cultures of macrophages and respiratory epithelial cells (Tapanainen et al, 2011;Jalava et al, 2010). In this context, it is of essential importance to improve the quality of firewood combustion for the reduction of such toxic emissions.…”

Section: B Ojha Et Al: High-temperature Co / Hc Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these ideal process conditions cannot be achieved in conventional firewood-fuelled low-power fireplaces. It was demonstrated that in addition to CO 2 and water, incomplete combustion conditions result in the emission of numerous gaseous species like CO, methane, aldehydes, alcohols, organic acids, partially oxidized hydrocarbons (HCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aerosolized compounds (Tapanainen et al, 2011;Jalava et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces

Ojha

Illyaskutty

Knoblauch

et al. 2017

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. In order to optimize firewood combustion in low-power firewood-fuelled fireplaces, a novel combustion airstream control concept based on the signals of in situ sensors for combustion temperature, residual oxygen concentration and residual un-combusted or partly combusted pyrolysis gas components (CO and HC) has been introduced. A comparison of firing experiments with hand-driven and automated airstream-controlled furnaces of the same type showed that the average CO emissions in the high-temperature phase of the batch combustion can be reduced by about 80 % with the new control concept. Further, the performance of different types of high-temperature CO / HC sensors (mixed-potential and metal oxide types), with reference to simultaneous exhaust gas analysis by a high-temperature FTIR analysis system, was investigated over 20 batch firing experiments ( ∼ 80 h). The distinctive sensing behaviour with respect to the characteristically varying flue gas composition over a batch firing process is discussed. The calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficients reveals that mixed-potential sensor signals correlate more with CO and CH 4 ; however, different metal oxide sensitive layers correlate with different gas species: 1 % Pt / SnO 2 designates the presence of CO and 2 % ZnO / SnO 2 designates the presence of hydrocarbons. In the case of a TGS823 sensor element, there was no specific correlation with one of the flue gas components observed. The stability of the sensor signals was evaluated through repeated exposure to mixtures of CO, N 2 and synthetic air after certain numbers of firing experiments and exhibited diverse long-term signal instabilities.

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In vitro immunotoxic and genotoxic activities of particles emitted from two different small-scale wood combustion appliances

Cited by 42 publications

References 57 publications

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces

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In vitro immunotoxic and genotoxic activities of particles emitted from two different small-scale wood combustion appliances

Cited by 42 publications

References 57 publications

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces